click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
microbiology ch 12
antimicrobial treatment
name | target | method | extra tidbits |
---|---|---|---|
cycloserine | cell wall | interferes with cross bridges that link NAM subunits | |
bacitracin | cell wall | blocks secretion of NAM and NAG fro m the cytoplasm | |
isoniazid | cell wall | disrupts the formation of mycolic acid in mycobacterial species | |
ethambutol | cell wall | disrupts the formation of mycolic acid in mycobacterial species | |
flouroquinolones | nucleic acid synthesis | DNA gyrase/topoisomerase | broad spectrum |
rifamycin/rifampin | nucleic acid synthesis | bacterial RNA polymerase | |
metronidazole | nucleic acid synthesis (bacteria and parasites) | interferes with DNA replication enzymes | same process as for parasites |
aminoglycosides | protein synthesis | changes shape of 30s subunit | causes misreading of RNA and false translation |
tetracycline | protein synthesis (bacteria and parasites) | binds to 30s subunit | inhibits binding of tRNA to the mRNA -ribosome complex - no protein is synthesized |
chloramphenicol | protein synthesis | binds to the 50s subunit | formation of peptide bond is blocked |
oxazolidinone | protein synthesis | binds to P site of 50s subunit | prevents binding of subunits; no ribosome no protein synthesis |
erythromycin | protein synthesis | physically occupies the 50s ribosome near the active site | ribosome is prevented from translocating |
polymixins | cell membrane | interacts with membrane phospholipids | distorts the surface, causes leakage of protein and nitrogen bases. hydrophobic tail causes damage. Gram neg toxic to kidneys. |
sulfonamides | folic acid synthesis (bacteria and parasites) | competitive inhibition | prevents enzymatic work on PABA in folic acid synthesis |
trimethoprim | folic acid synthesis | competitive inhibition | prevents step immediately after step inhibited by sulfonamides. often given with sulfa drugs. |
amantadine | viruses | receptor/fusion/uncoating inhibitor | blocks entry by interfering with fusion of virus with cell membrane; stops entry and uncoating |
rimantadine | viruses | attachment/uncoating | attempts to stop attachment; if this fails it tries to prevent uncoating |
protease inhibitors | viruses | inserts into HIV protease inhibitors | prevents the splitting of polyproteins |
zidovudine (AZT) | viruses | nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors | |
acyclovir | viruses | nucleotide analog | inhibits DNA polymerase |
quinine | parasites | interferes with parasites ability to digest hemoglobin | anti-malarial |
beta-lactams | cell wall | blocks cross-linkages of NAM subunits | penicillin, cephalosporin |
vancomycin | cell wall | interferes with cross bridges that link NAM subunits |