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microbiology ch11
physical and chemical control of microbes
| name | mode of action | used where | purpose | traits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| antisepsis - antiseptic | destroys or inhibits vegetative pathogens | human skin | destroy or reduce microbes on human skin | |
| antisepsis - degermination | reduces numbers of microbes on skin by hard scrubbing, alcohol wipes, and germicidal soap. | human skin | destroy or reduce microbes on human skin | |
| Phenolics | disrupts cell walls, membranes, and precipitating proteins | general disinfection of drains, cesspools, and animal quarters ex Lysol, creolin, aerosol sprays, soaps, kitty litter | disinfection | one or more aromatic carbon rings with added functional groups |
| alcohols | dissolves membrane lipids, disrupts cell surface tension, and compromises membrane activity; denatures proteins in cytoplasm | skin degerming agent, disinfect electrodes, face masks, thermometers | disinfect or degerm | colorless hydrocarbons with one or more OH- funtional groups |
| oxidizers 3% | damages proteins and lipids | skin wound cleansing, bedsore care mouthwashing, contact lens care, surgical utensils | antiseptic | hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen, forming the free radical OH (toxic to cells) |
| oxidizers 35% | damages proteins and lipids | large objects -surgical tables, beds, etc | sterilization | hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen, forming the free radical OH (toxic to cells) |
| surfectants (amphiphilic compounds) (quats) | disrupts cell membrane | hospitals, homes, industries | Quats mixed with cleaning agents are used for disinfection and sterilization. Soaps are used as cleansers and sterilizers. | (+) charged end binds with (-) surface proteins on the cell. long uncharged hydrocarbon chain allows detergent to disrupt membrane |
| sterilization | destroys of removes all viable microorganisms (including viruses) using heat or a certain few chemicals | inanimate objects such as surgical instruments, syringes, and commercially packaged foods | used when it is important for all organisms to be dead | |
| disinfection (physical and chemical processes) | destroys vegetative pathogens (not endospores) as well as microbial toxins | inanimate objects | ||
| decontamination | any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms using a compound such as soap or detergent.; removes waste and physical debris | cooking utensils, dishes, bottles, cans, clothing, and air | to reduce contamination to safe levels |
Created by:
bellajerrent429
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