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Greenfield-Soil
From Rocks to Soil
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Erosion | the process of wearing down and carrying away rocks |
| Weathering | the process that breaks down rock and other substances |
| Mechanical Weathering | a type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
| Chemical Weathering | the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
| Abrasion | the wearing away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity |
| Frost Wedging | water seeps into cracks of rock then freezes, expanding the rock, and then it thaws. Wedges of ice widen and deepen the rock |
| Oxidation | oxygen in air is an important cause of chemical weathering, and iron mixes with oxygen with the presence of water to make rust in a process called this |
| Permeable | a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
| Soil | the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow |
| Bedrock | the solid layer of rock beneath soil |
| Humus | a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
| Fertility | a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth |
| Loam | soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
| pH scale | a scale that measures acidity |
| Soil Horizon | a layer of soil that differs in color, texture, and composition from the layers above or below it |
| Topsoil | the A horizon is made up of this, a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals |
| Subsoil | the B horizon, often called this, usually consists of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus |
| Decomposers | the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |