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Sociology Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Race | Socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people |
| Ethnicity | Socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor |
| Sociologists see race and ethnicity as social constructions because: | 1. Race isn't based on biology 2. Racial categories change over time 3. Racial categories never have firm boundaries |
| Ethnicity can be displayed or hidden, but ____ is always on display | Race |
| Symbolic Ethnicity | Ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact every day life |
| Situational Ethnicity | An ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed, depending on its usefulness in a given situation |
| Minority Group | Social group that is systematically denied access to power and resources available to the dominant groups of a society |
| Racism | Set of beliefs about the claimed superiority of one racial or ethnic group |
| Color-Blind Racism | Ideology that removes race as an explanation for any form of unequal treatment |
| Prejudice | (Thought Process) Idea about characteristics of a group (unlikely to change) |
| Discrimination | (Action) Unequal treatment of individuals because of their social group, motivated by prejudice |
| Individual Discrimination | Discrimination carried out by one person against another |
| Institutional Discrimination | Systematic discrimination carried out by social institutions that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it |
| Functionalist Theorists | Focus on the ways that race creates social ties and strengthens group bonds |
| Conflict Theory | Focuses on the struggle for power and control over scarce resources |
| Symbolic Interactionists | Focus on the ways that race, class, and gender intersect to produce an individual's identity |
| Racial Passing | Double-Consciousness- W.E.B. DuBois's term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in the U.S. |
| Genocide | Deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group |
| Population Transfer | Forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied |
| Internal Colonialism | Economic and political domination and subjugation of the minority group by the controlling group within a nation |
| Segregation | The formal and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity |
| Assimilation | Minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous |
| Racial Assimilation | Racial minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through intermarriage |
| Cultural Assimilation | Racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture |
| Pluralism (Multiculturalism) | Pattern of intergroup relations that encourage racial and ethnic variation within a society |
Created by:
aleahgoodson
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