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Population & Culture
Chapter 4, Section 1 & 2 World Geography Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| culture | the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group; a group's way of life |
| dialect | versions of a language; reflects changes in speech patterns realated to class, region, or other cultural changes |
| fertility rate | average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime |
| cultural trait | single elements of normal practice in culture (includes beliefs, institutions, language, technology) |
| examples of cultural traits | silence, private space, touching, hand gestures, eye contact, greetings, perceptions of time, gift giving |
| language group | have common origins and shares similar grammar and vocabulary |
| examples of language group | Romance branch of Indo-European languages - Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Catalan |
| lingua franca | type of language that's the 3rd language adopted by people from different language groups who cannot speak each other's language |
| lingua franca | language of international trade |
| dominant linguas francas | English, Spanish, Chinese |
| Why is English a dominant lingua franca? | British colonial empire |
| infant mortality rate | number of deaths among infants under the age of 1 per 1000 live births |
| cultural landscape | the distinct imprint of a culture on the land |
| cultural hearth | region where cultural traits such as religion and agriculture develop; site of innovation from which ideas diffuse to many cultures |
| language family | related to their prehistoric origin |
| example of a language family | Indo-European |
| demographic momentum | the phenomenon of continued population increase despite reduced reproductive rates beacuse a large portion of the population is growing into the reproductive years |
| pop culture | arts, entertainment, fads, beliefs and vaulues shared by large segments of society |
| folk culture | traditional practices of small groups, especially rural people with simple lifestyles |
| pidgin | simplified version of a language; used for informal changes between cultures who don't know each other's language |
| doubling time | the time it takes for a population to double |
| cultural realm | group of culture regions that share a common culture system |
| creole | occurs when pidgin is used enough to become a primary language |
| example of creole | Swahili in East Africa |
| push factor | causes people to migrate |
| examples of push factors | environmental conditions, natural disasters, droughts, war, persecution |
| society | a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture |
| language group | have common origins and share similar grammar and vocabulary |
| example of a language group | romance branch of the Indo-European languages (Spanish, French, Poruguese, Italian, Catalan) |
| pull factor | draw and attract people to places |
| examples of pull factors | good economic opportunities, high salaries, favorable climate |
| diffusion | spread of ideas, inventions, and patterns of behavior |
| standard English | accepted form of English with proper syntax, pronunciation, and vocabulary |
| innovation | the use of existing technology to create something new to meet a need |
| transculturation | occurs when 2 strong cultures come together and create a blended culture (neither dominates) |
| possibilism | the idea that people is the major factor affecting culture |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods |
| acculturation | occurs when a society changes as it comes into contact with a dominnat culture |
| universalizing religion | a religion that seeks converts |
| examples of universalizing religions | Christianity, Buddhism, Islam |
| monotheistic | belief in one god |
| Buddhism | taken to East Asia along trade routes; monotheistic |
| Where is Buddhism practiced today? | East Asia, Japan, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Korea |
| Where was Buddhism originated? | South Asia (India) |
| Christianity | spread to Eruope when adopted as official religion of the Romans, taken to European colonies during colonial rule; grew out of Judaism; monotheistic |
| Where is Christianity practiced today? | all the continents |
| Hinduism | has not spread outside South Asia in great numbers, British rule relocated many who took it with them; polytheistic |
| Where was Hinduism originated? | South Asia (India) |
| Where is Hinduism practiced today? | India (mostly) |
| Islam | early spread by conquest, later spread through trade and seeking converts; monotheistic |
| Where is Islam practiced today? | Africa, Central, South, and East Asia, and parts of the Balkans in Europe |
| Where was Islam originated? | Southwest Asia |
| Judaism | diaspora took place in 1st century, return to Israel in 20th century; monotheistic |
| Where was Judaism originated? | Israel (Southwest Asia) |
| Where is Judaism practiced today? | Israel, US, Canada, South America, some European cities |
| What is the 1st stage of the DTM? | rural/agrarian; birthrate and death rate are high, population grows slowly |
| What are some facts for the 1st stage of DTM? | little access to birth control, high infant mortality rate, state of equilibrium, machismo factor, high death rates among children, no longer found in any country |
| What is the 2nd stage of the DTM? | less DC; death rate drops and birth rate remains high (rapid increase in population) |
| What are some facts for the 2nd stage of DTM? | improvements in medical care, sanitation, water supply, quality and quanitity of food rises (better transport), decrease in infant mortality rate |
| What is the 3rd stage of the DTM? | more DC; birth rates decline, population growth is less rapid |
| What are some facts for the 3rd stage of DTM? | increased access to contraception, lower infant mortality rate leads to smaller family size, children become economic liablity (women follow career path), small family = improved quality of life |
| What is the 4th stage of the DTM? | urban/industrial; birthrates and death rates are both low, low rate of natural increase or even a decrease if death rates should exceed those of births |
| What are some facts for the 4th stage of DTM? | found in more developed countries, state of equilibrium (at lower levels) |
| How does language change? | can occur slowly, can occur with new contact with outside groups, can occur when new technologies call for new words;ie: slang, language of text messaging |
| What region of the world is experiencing the fastest population growth? | Africa |
| What is the approximate world population? | 6,706,993,152 |
| What might cause a woman to limit the number of children she will have? | birth control, education, work, cost of having a large family |
| What caused a rapid increase in the population in the mid-1800s? | medicine, Green Revolution, vaccinations, advances in food production, water supply, sanitation, transportation, etc. |
| What are the advantages for countries to send their migrants to other countries? | benefit from remittances (boosts economy), bring greater amounts of training and experienc contributing to the social capital |
| What are the disadvantages for countries to send their migrants to other countries? | loss of trained and educated individuals to emigration ("brain drain"), lose money because of this, |
| What are the advantages for countries receiving migrants? | cheap and eager labor, fill low-wage jobs, (UK) contributed 10% more to public finances than they took out, |
| What are the disadvantages for countries receiving migrants? | decrease in domestic wages, add to public welfare burden, use social services twice the rate of native-born Americans, reduce wages (for native workers) to attract foreign workers, |
| Why do women in less developed countries have more children than those who live in developed countries? | uneducated, machismo factor, traditional role, no work, had more children because they expected some to die, had someone to care for you in old age |
Created by:
Tiffanyy
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