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Biology Chapter 5 Te

QuestionAnswer
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1st micro scope, observed tiny living organisms in pond water
Robert Hooke named the cell, Observed thin slices of cork, plants, wood
Robert Brown discovered the Nucleus
Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann both plants + animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow all cells come from cells
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of structure + function, All cells come from cells
Cell Structure cells between 5-50 micrometers in diameter
Cell Membrane selectively permeable,Protects and supports the cell,Phospholipid bilayer,Stuck in the membrane=carbohydrates + proteins
Cell Wall in plants cells,Porous: allows H2o, o2, CO2 in/out
Pectin gluey substances that holds cells together
Primary Cell Wall made of the cellulose, Stretchable
Secondary Cell Wall in woody plant cells, Made of cellulose and lignin,More rigid
Nucleus "Control Center"
Prokaryotes no nucleus
Eukaryotes conatins nucleus
Nuclear Envelope double membrane with nuclear pores, Around nucleus
Nucleolus inside the nucleus, Mage of RNA + proteins,Makes the Ribosomes - which make proteins
Chromosomes contain DNA, Condensed chromatin
Cytoplasmic Organelles <-- tiny structure that is specialized
Mitochondrion "Power House", (Chloroplasts in plants), Double membrane, Folds= cristae=> form a matrix for increased surface areas,DNA
Ribosomes produce proteins, Made of RNA and protein,Some attached, some free
Endoplasmic Reticulum: ER Transports materials, Smooth ER (no ribosomes)=> stores enzymes + chemicals, Rough ER ( ribosomes)=> many proteins are released from the attached ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus packages the proteins by attaching carbohydrates + lipids
Lysosomes "cleanup crew", Contain chemicals + enzymes to breakdown cell materials, Formed by the Golgi Apparatus,Not in plant cells
Endocytosis engulf particles for transfer
Vacuoles store H2o, salts, proteins, carbs,Very large in plant cells
Plastids plant organelle that store food + pigments ,Ex/ leukoplasts - store starch, Chromoplasts- store pigments, Chloroplast- store pigment, chlorophyll
Cytoskeleton filaments + fibers used for support and cell movement
Microtubules support, movement, spindle fibers in cell, division and centrioles, Cilia, flagella (for movement)
Microfilaments movement support <= cytoplasm, "cytoplasmic streaming"
Membrane selectively permeable
Diffusion movement from high concentration to lower concentration,No energy needed, Movement will continue until equilibrium is reached , Osmosis- diffusion of water molecules, If a substance can dissolve in the lipid bilayer, it will pass through the membrane
Osmatic pressure force exerted by osmosis, moves H20 across membranes from a more cilute solution into a more concentrated solution,inside the cell= low [H2o] so there is a constant flow of Fl2o in which can cause problems--> BURSTS!,cell walls help deal with osmotic pres
Passive transport no energy required to move molecules through the membrane .EX/ osmosis, diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion Uses a carrier protein to transport molecules through the membrane, Passive Transport, Type of Diffusion ( high 2 low)
Active transport requires energy to move molecules through the membrane1) Membrane pumps- pump molecules through (calcium ions, potassium ions, sodium ions 2) Pump molecules by movements of the membrane
Endocytosis pocket/fold--> forms a vacuole inside
Phagocytosis engulf large particles ( type of endocytosis)
Pinocytosis pinching of liquid pockets to form vacuoles
Cells perform specific (specialized) functions in the cell! CELL---> TISSUES---> ORGAN--->ORGAN SYSTEM--->ORGANISIM
Created by: PittmanDe
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