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PARASCI_LE10

Environmental Disorders

QuestionAnswer
Increases heat loss, prevents dangerously high temp Sweating
Increases metabolic heat production, offsets increased heat loss from cold conditions Shivering
Transfer of heat through air or vacuum Radiation
Direct transfer of heat from one molecule to another Conduction
Heat transfer through circulation of air currents Convection
Water on skin converted into vapour from body heat Evaporation
An increase in body temperature that occurs without change in set point of hypothalamus Hyperthermia
Slow painful skeletal muscle cramps, usually in muscles most heavily used, last 1-3 mins, due to salt depletion, body temperature may be normal or slightly elevated Heat Cramps
Related to gradual loss of salt and water, hyperventilation, >37.5C, HR elevated, thirst, fatigue, nausea, oliguria, giddiness, delirium Heat exhaustion
Thermoregulatory failure >40C, hot dry skin, delirium, convulsions, LoC, tachycardia, hyperventilation, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision-> vascular collapse causing cool skin, ECG changes Heat Stroke
Core temp <35C Hypothermia
Spontaneous decrease in core temperature, usually in a cold environment accidental hypothermia
Sympathetic nervous system excitation, shivering, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnoea, vasoconstriction mild hypothermia
More violent shivering, muscle miscoordination, patient becomes pale, lips ears fingers may become blue moderate hypothermia
Physiological systems falter, HR, RR & BP dcrs, difficulty speaking, sluggish thinking, amnesia severe hypothermia
Localised damage caused to skin and other tissues when frozen frostbite
Itching and pain, skin develops white, red and yellow patches and becomes numb first degree frostbite
Skin may freeze and harden, blisters 1-2 days after becoming frozen, blisters may become black and hardened Second degree frostbite
Muscles tendons and blood vessels & nerves all freeze, skin is hard, feels waxy and great risk of amputations Third degree frostbite
Assess breathing puffs of air, RR Primary survey
Created by: 1092422624234171
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