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Chapter 2 Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Producer | An organism that can make its own food |
| Consumer | An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms |
| Herbivore | A consumer that obtains energy by eating only plants |
| Carnivore | A consumer thaty obtians energy by eating only animals |
| Omnivore | A consumer that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals |
| Scavenger | A carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead or decaying organisms |
| Decomposer | An organism that gets energy by breaking down biotic wastes and dead organisms,and returns raw materials to the soil and water. |
| Food Chain | A series of events in an ecosytem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and by being eaten. |
| Food Web | The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains amoung the various organisms in an ecosystem |
| Energy Pyrmid | A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to the another in a food web |
| Evaporation | The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas |
| Condensation | The change in state from gas to liquid |
| Precipitation | Any for of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain , snow, sleet, or hail |
| Nitrogen Fixation | The process of changing free nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use |
| Biome | A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms |
| Climate | The average annual conditions of tempature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area |
| Desert | A dry region that on average receives less than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year |
| Rain Forest | A forest that recieves at leat 2 meters of rain per year, mostly occurring in the tropical wet climate zone |
| Emergent Layer | The tallest layer of the rain forest that recieves the most sunlight |
| Canopy | A leafy roof formed by tall trees in a rain forest |
| Understory | A layer of shorter trees and vines that grow in the shade of a forest canopy |
| Grassland | An area populated mostly by grasses and other nonwoody plants that get 25-75 centimeters of rain each year |
| Savanna | A grassland located close to the equator that may include shrubs and small trees and recieves as much as 120 centimeters of rain per year |
| Deciduous Tree | A tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season and grows new ones each year |
| Boreal Forest | Dense forest of evergreens located in the upper regions of the Northern Hemisphere |
| Conifigerous Tree | A tree that produces its seeds in cones and that has needle-shaped leaves coated in a waxy substance to reduce water loss |
| Tundra | An extremely cold, dry biome climate region characterized by short, cool summers, and bitterly cold winters |
| Permafrost | Permanently frozen soil found in the tundra biome climate region |
| Estuary | A kind of wetlandformed where fresh water from rivers mixes with salty ocean water |
| Intertidal Zone | An area between the highest high tide line on land to the point on the continental shelf exposed by the lowest low-tide line |
| Neritic Zone | The area of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf |
| Biogeography | The study of where organisms live and how they got there |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that the continents slowly move arcoss the Earth's surface |
| Dispersal | The movement of organisims from one place to another |
| Exotic Species | Species that are carried to a new location by people |
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