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A&P Chap 6 Key Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abduction | Movement away from the midline or axis of the body; opposite of adduction |
| Acetabulum | Area where the three bones of the hip unite to form a deep socket into which the head of the femur fits to form the hip joint |
| Adduction | Movement of part of the body or limb toward the midline of body; opposite of abduction |
| Amphiarthrosis | Partially movable joint (e.g., symphysis pubis) |
| Appendicular skeleton | Part of skeleton consisting of pectoral and pelvic girdles, and limbs |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of a joint |
| Articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage over the ends of long bones |
| Atlas | First cervical vertebra, articulates with the axis and occipital skull bone |
| Axial skeleton | Skeleton of head and trunk |
| Axis | Second cervical vertebra |
| Ball-and-socket joint | Diarthrosis joint that allows the greatest freedom of movement |
| Bursae | Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining, found in the spaces of the connective tissue between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa |
| Calcaneus | Heel bone |
| Carpals | Bones of the wrist |
| Cervical vertebrae | First seven bones of the spinal column |
| Circumduction | Circular motion at a joint |
| Clavicle | Collar bone |
| Coccyx | Tailbone |
| Compact bone | Also known as hard bone |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of a long bone |
| Diarthrosis | Movable joint(e.g.,elbow, knee) |
| Dislocation | Displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from the original position |
| Endosteum | Lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone |
| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone |
| Ethmoid | Bone of the cranium located between the eyes |
| Extension | Act of increasing the angle between two bones |
| Femur | Longest and strongest in the body, thigh bone |
| Fibula | Slender bone at outer edge of the lower leg |
| Flat feet | Weakening of the leg muscles that support the arch of the foot; called talipes |
| Flexion | The act of bending a limb or decreasing the angle between two bones |
| Fontanel | Unossified areas in the infant skull; soft spot |
| Fracture | A break in a bone |
| Frontal | Bone of the skull that forms the forehead |
| Gliding joint | Joint in which the nearly flat surfaces of the bones Glide across each other (e.g., vertebrae) |
| Gout | Increase in uric acid crystals in the bloodstream, which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the great toe |
| Hammertoe | A toe that is curled due to a bend in the middle joint of the toe |
| Hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells |
| Hinge joint | A joint that moves in One Direction or plane |
| Humorous | The bone of the upper arm |
| Hyoid | A U-shaped bone found in the neck to which the tongue is attached |
| Ilium | The broad, blade shaped bone that forms the back and the side of the hip bone |
| Inferior concha | Bones that make up the side walls of the nasal cavity |
| Ischium | Forms the lower posterior portion of the hip bone; bears the weight of the body when sitting |
| Joint | Place where two bones meet |
| Kyphosis | Hunchback; humped curvature of the spinal column |
| Lacrimals | Pertaining to tears |
| Lordosis | Forward curvature of lumbar region of spine |
| Lumbar vertebrae | Five vertebrae associated with the lower part of the back |
| Mandible | Lower jaw bone |
| Manubrium | Forms the upper region of the sternum |
| Maxillae | Bone of the upper jaw |
| Medullary canal | Center of the shaft of a long bone |
| Metacarpal | Bone of the wrist |
| Metatarsal | Bone of the foot simular to the metacarpal, 5 metatarsal form the arch of the foot |
| Nasal | Bone that forms the bridge of the nose |
| Obturator foramen | Large opening between the pubic bone and the ischium that allows for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and tendons |
| Occipital | Bone that forms the base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum |
| Ossification | Process of bone formation |
| Osteoarthritis | Degenerative joint disease |
| Osteoblast | Cells involved in formation of bony tissue |
| Osteoclasts | Cells involved in resorption of bony tissue |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone |
| Osteoporosis | Loss of calcium in bone, causing brittleness; occurs mainly in females after menopause |
| Osteosarcoma | Bone cancer |
| Palatines | Tonsils located on the side of the soft palate |
| Parietals | Two bones that form the roof and sides of the skull |
| Patella | Kneecap |
| Periosteum | Fibrous tissue covering the bone |
| Pelvis | Any basin-shaped structure or cavity |
| Phalanges | Bones of the fingers and toes |
| Pivot joint | Joint in which an extension of one bone rotates in a second, Arch shaped bone |
| Pronation | Turning of the palm of the hand downward |
| Pubis | Pubic bone; portion of hip bone forming front of pelvis |
| Radius | Bone on the thumb side of the forearm |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints |
| Rickets | Disease in which Bones soften due to a lack of vitamin D |
| Rotation | Type of movement in which a bone moves around a central axis |
| Sacrum | Wedge-shaped bone below the lumbar vertebrae at the end of the spinal column |
| Scapulae | Large, flat, triangular bone that forms the back of the shoulder |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine |
| Sphenoid | The key bone of the skull |
| Spongy bone | The result of hard bone when it is broken down |
| Sternum | Flat, narrow bone in the median line in front of the chest; it is composed of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process |
| Supination | Turning palm of hand upward |
| Synarthroses | Immovable joint connected by fibrous connective tissue |
| Synovial fluid | A lubricating substance produced by the synovial membrane |
| Talus | Ankle bone that articulates with bones of the leg |
| Tarsal | Ankle bone |
| Temporals | Side of the head |
| Thoracic vertebrae | The 12 bones of the spine located in the chest area |
| Tibia | Larger, inner bone of the leg below the knee; shinbone |
| Ulna | Bone on inner forearm |
| Vomer | Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum |
| Whiplash injury | Trauma to cervical vertebra |
| Xiphoid process | Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum |
| Zygomatic | Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek |
Created by:
Staceyleeann1972
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