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A&P Chap 3 Key Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active transport | Process by which solute molecules are transported across a membrane against a concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Chemical compound consisting of one molecule of adenine, one of ribose, and three of phosphoric acid. This is the high-energy fuel a cell requires to function |
| Anaphase | Phase 4 in mitosis |
| Anoxia | A Lack of oxygen to cellular structures |
| Atrophy | Wasting away of tissue |
| Benign | Nonmalignant |
| Biomarkers | A normal substance found in the blood or tissue in small amounts |
| Cancer | The presence of a malignant tumor, which may affect all body parts |
| Cell membrane | Structure that encloses the cell; also known as plasma membrane |
| Centrioles | Two cylindrical organelles found near the nucleus in a tiny body called the centrosome; they are perpendicular to each other |
| Centrosome | Tiny area near the nucleus of an animal cell; it contains two cylindrical structures called centrioles |
| Chromatid | Each strand of replicable chromosome |
| Chromatin | DNA and protein material in a loose and diffuse State; during mitosis chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes |
| Chromosome | Nuclear material that determines hereditary characteristics |
| Cilia | Tiny hair-like projections of protoplasm that extend from the cell surface and help move things along they may also work like a filter |
| Cytoplasm | Protoplasm of the cell body, excluding the nucleus |
| Cytoskeleton | Internal framework of the cell consisting of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments |
| Diffusion | Molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Dysplasia | Any abnormal development of tissues or organs |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Transport system of a cell; can be smooth or rough |
| Equilibrium | A state of balance |
| Filteration | Movement of water and particles across a semipermeable membrane by a mechanical force such as blood pressure |
| Flagella | Long, hairlike projections from the cell membrane found on sperm |
| Golgi apparatus | A membranous Network that resembles a stack of pancakes; it stores and packages secretions to be secreted by the cell |
| Hyperplasia | Excessive proliferation of normal cells |
| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which water molecules are moving out of a cell, causing it to shrink |
| Hypertrophy | An increase in the size of a muscle cell |
| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which water molecules are moving into a cell, causing it to swell |
| Hypoxia | Decreased blood flow to Cellular structures |
| Interphase | The resting phase in the process of mitosis |
| Isotonic solution | A solution in which movement of water molecules into and out of a cell is the same |
| Lysosome | Cytoplasmic organelle containing digestive enzymes |
| Meiosis | Cell division of gametes or cells; reduces the number of chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Phase 3 in the process of mitosis; nuclear membrane disappears |
| Metastasis | Transfer of malignant cells from an original site to a distant one through the circulatory system or lymph vessels |
| Mitochondria | Organelle that supplies energy to the cell |
| Mitosis | Cell division involving two distant processes: (1) mitosis, the exact duplication of the nucleus to form two identical nuclei; and (2) cytoplasmic division. After nuclear division, the cytoplasm is divided into two approximately equal parts |
| Necrosis | Cell death |
| Neoplasia | Uncontrolled growth pattern in a cell; my result in a neoplasm |
| An orderly process by which cells intentionally die. The term is used interchangeably with the term program cell death (PCD) | |
| Neoplasm | |
| A tumor; can be benign or malignant | |
| Nuclear membrane | Double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | Small spherical structure within the cell nucleus |
| Nucleoplasm | Protoplasm of the nucleus; also called nuclear sap or karyolymph |
| Nucleus | Poor or center of a cell containing large quantities of DNA; also the center of an atom |
| Organelle | Microscopic structure within the cell having a special function or capacity |
| Osmosis | Passage of fluid through a membrane |
| Osmotic pressure | The pressure exerted by the flow of water through a semi permeable membrane separating two solutions with different concentrations of solute |
| Papilloma | A type of tumor of the epithelial tissue; also known as a wart |
| Passive transport | The process of moving materials across a cell membrane without using energy, such as diffusion, osmosis, or filtration |
| Peroxisomes | Membranous sacs that contain oxidate enzymes |
| Phagocytosis | Ingestion of foreign or other particles by certain cells |
| Pinocytic vesicle | Formed by having the cell membrane fold inward to form a pocket |
| Pinocytosis | Process of engulfing large molecules in solution and taking them into a cell |
| Prophase | Phase 2 in the process of mitosis |
| Protoplasm | An aqueous solution of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and inorganic salts surrounded by a cell membrane |
| Replication | Occurs when an exact copy of each nuclear chromosome is made during the early part of the first stage of mitosis (early interphase) |
| Ribosome | Submicroscopic particle attached to endoplasmic reticulum; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Solutes | Dissolved substances in a solution |
| Telophase | Final stage in the mitosis process |
| Tumor | Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of a cell |
| Vacuole | Clear space in cell |
| Wart | A type of tumor of epithelial tissue; also known as papilloma |
Created by:
Staceyleeann1972
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