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A&P Chap 2 Key Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution |
| Alkali | A substance that, when dissolved in water, Island izes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal |
| Amino acids | Small molecular units that make up protein molecules |
| Atom | Smallest piece of an element |
| Base | Chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water |
| Buffer | A compound that maintains the chemical balance in a living organism |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch |
| Chemical bond | Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements |
| Chemistry | Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions |
| Cholesterol | A steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues |
| Compounds | Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance |
| Covalent bond | Type of bond in which the atoms share electrons to fill the outermost shell of levels |
| Dehydrated | An abnormal inflation of body fluids |
| Dehydration synthesis | Occurs when water is removed from a molecule; the molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; genetic material |
| Disaccharide | Double sugar |
| Electrolytes | Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance |
| Electron | A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells. An electron has a negative (-) charge. |
| Element | Made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed |
| Energy | Ability to do work |
| Enzymes | Organic Catalyst that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction |
| Extracellular fluid | Fluid outside of a cell |
| Fat | Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver |
| Hydrogen bond | Heels together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and positive hydrogen atom of another molecule |
| Hydrolysis | Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction |
| Hydroxide | One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen |
| Interstitial fluid | Another name for lymph fluid; fluid between the tissue |
| Intracellular fluid | Fluid within the cell |
| Ion | An electrically charged atom |
| Ionic bond | Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom |
| Isotopes | Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Kinetic energy | Work resulting in motion |
| Lipid | Fatty compound |
| Matter | Anything that has weight and occupies space |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar; glucose |
| Multicellular | Many celled |
| Neutralization | Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge |
| Nucleic acid | Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (i.e., DNA, RNA) |
| Organic catalyst | A substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed |
| Organic compound | Compound that contains the element carbon |
| pH scale | A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| Phospholipids | Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus |
| Polysaccharide | A complex sugar |
| Potential energy | Energy stored in cells waiting to be released |
| Protein | Containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen and most times, phosphorus and sulfur. Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue. |
| Protein synthesis | Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life |
| Proton | A subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom. The proton has a positive (+) charge |
| Radioactive | Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Type of nucleic acid |
| Steroids | Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol |
| Triglycerides | Also called fats consist of glycerol and fatty acids, make up 95% of fats in the human body |
| Unicellular |
Created by:
Staceyleeann1972
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