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Biology vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biology | The scientific study of life Includes living and non-living things |
| Cells | Smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive |
| Reproduction | The production of new organisms |
| Heterotrophs | Get energy by eating food |
| Autotrophs | Get energy by making their own food |
| Metabolism | The combined reaction of breaking down materials and building materials |
| Homeostasis | Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal condition, or environment. Literally means "staying the same" |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The instructions for reproducing and operating the individual, encoded in a chemical language |
| Evolution | Change in organisms over time |
| Prokaryote | Any of the typical unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | The largest cells, but still microscopic Have a nucleus and DNA, which is membrane-bound How many organelles that perform different functions. |
| Specialization | Each cell has a specific job Cells are more efficient |
| Organism | A living thing |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| Tissues | Group of cells with a common structure and function |
| Organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| Organelle | Structures that perform specific functions within the cells |
| Protists | Single-celled Eukaryotes that are Animal -like |
| Cell Membrane | The protective layer that covers the cell's surface, acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and outside environment |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell A membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
| Cell theory | All organisms are made of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of all living things All cells come from existing cells |
| Cytoplasm | The fluid and contents of a cell |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that gives support to the cell ~In plant and fungi cells ~Not in animal cells ~Outside of the cell membrane |
| Cytoskeleton | A web of proteins in the cytoplasm Made of proteins Keeps the cells from collapsing, acts as the muscle and skeleton |
| Ribosomes | The organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins They are made inside the nucleus, in the nucleolus |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | ~The organelle that makes lipids ~Internal delivery of the cell ~Packages proteins for the Golgi Complex |
| Nucleolus | Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes |
| Lysosomes | Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria |
| Vacuoles | A vesicle In plant and fungi cells Stores water and other liquids |
| Vesicle | A small sac that surrounds material to be moved inside or out of a cell Also move material within cells Carries new protein from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Complex |
| Golgi Complex (Apparatus) | Packages and distributes proteins Looks smooth Transports material within the cell or out of the cell |
| Chloroplasts | Location of photosynthesis in a cell Only in plant cells Also has its own DNA Sugar produced is used by the Mitochondria to make ATP |
| Mitochondrion | Breaks down food and sugar to produce energy The power source of the cell Energy is released as ATP: ATP helps the cell do work Has its own DNA |
| Structure | The arrangement of parts in an organism Shape Material |
| Function | The job part does |
| Mitosis | Cell cycle that divides the nucleus into two new nuclei with one copy of DNA in each new cell |
| Chromosomes | Rods made of condensed chromatin, containing DNA |
| Energy Transfer - ATP | Energy moves from one object to another without changing form Energy comes in the form of ATP |
| ATP | An energy carrier in the cells of all known organisms required for processes and activities such as: Protein synthesis Active transport Muscle contraction Mitosis and Meiosis ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism |
| Energy Transformation | Transformation of energy occurs when energy in one form is converted to another |
| Cellular Respiration | Allows organisms to use (release) energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose |
| Fermentation | Takes one product of glycolysis and further breaks it down without the use of oxygen, in the cytoplasm |
| Photosynthesis | Food making process that uses sunlight to produce sugar Occurs in green plant cells - chloroplasts |
| Passive Transport | The movement of molecules through the cell membrane without the use of energy |
| Diffusion | Molecules of a substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through the cell membrane |
| Active Transport | When materials require energy to move through a cell membrane Materials move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration: salt and potassium |
| Receptor | Senses and responds to changes in the environment and sends info to control center |
| Control Center | Determines the necessary response and sends info to effector |
| Effector | Creates a change to correct the issue |
Created by:
mckennna
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