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Water quality unit 2
Lectures 3 through 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between a lake and a pond? | There is no true difference, although generally ponds are small, shallow, and not stratified. |
| What are five ways that a lake can form? | Glacial activity Volcanic activity Tectonic activity Hydrological activity Anthropogenic activity |
| Give an example of a lake formed by tectonic activity. | Red sea |
| What is a seepage lake? | A lake which has no inflows or outflows, so relies purely on precipitation and groundwater |
| What are the three lake layers from top to bottom? | Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion |
| How does oxygen enter a lake? | Diffusion, turbulence, photosynthesis, chemical reactions. |
| What form oh phosphorus is usually present in lakes? | Phosphates |
| Is there more organic or inorganic phosphorus in a lake? | Organic |
| In a natural lake, how many phosphates are there? | No more than 100 ppb |
| How can phosphorus enter a lake? | Soil Sediment release Humans |
| Explain how pH can affect nutrient exchange in water. | Acidic conditions lead to more phosphates. This causes an algal bloom. This releases CO2 upon decomposition. This causes more acid. |
| Name the three major processes in the nitrogen cycle. | Fixation, nitrification, denitrification. |
| What is fixation of nitrogen? | Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia |
| What disease is caused by excess nitrates? | Blue baby syndrome |
| What are four functions of rivers? | Purification Flood mitigation Drought mitigation Maintain salinity |
| What is a region? | A broad geographical area with similar conditions. |
| What is a landscape? | AN area with similar features |
| What are the three parts of a river landscape? | The channel, the floodplain, and the upland transition zone. |
| What is sediment load? | The sediment carried by the river. |
| What are two types of erosion? | Rill Gully |
| What is the deepest part of the river channel called? | The thalweg |
| What are two stages in waste assimilation? | Physical and biological |
| What factors affect the length of a waste plume? | Channel shape Flow rate Pipe design |
| What are the four pollution zones in a river? | Degradation Decomposition Recovery/reaeration Clean water |
| What formation can form between an oxbow lake and a river? | A clay plug |
| Differentiate between permanent and perennial rivers. | Permanent rivers always exist. Perennial rivers don't exist in droughts. |
| What is a riffle? | A water formation caused by water crossing from one bank to another. |
| What term describes a rivers straightness? | Sinuosity |
| What is the term for a steep sloped bank? | Scarp |
| What is the chute of a river? | The part which is widest and has the slowest flow. |
| What is the term which describes the prion of a rivers flow supplied by ground water? | Base flow |
| What is a splay? | A splay occurs when the levee breaks and water is released onto the floodplain |
| Which great lake is biologically dead? | Erie |
| What are three wetland features? | Hydric soil, hydrophytic vegetation, and hydrogeology |
| Beavers are an example of what kind of species, and why? | Beavers are a keystone species, because they impact so much ecosystem despite their small numbers. |
| What are four types of dams? | Earth Gravity Arch Buttress |
| Most dams are which kind of dam? | Earthen |
| Differentiate between gravity and buttress dams. | Both are concRte triangles, but buttress dams have extra support |
| Where would you see an arch dam? | In narrow canyons with a solid rock wall |
| What chemical can accumulate in man made reservoirs, and how? | Mercury/methylmercury can occur as a result of anoxic conditions from decomposing bacteria in addition to sulfur reducing bacteria |
| What are the three size categories of invertebrates? | Micro Meio Macro |
| Are fungi, bacteria, or viruses more abundant in lakes? | Viruses |
| Why are bacteria imprtant in ecosystems? | They boost lake metabolism such as mineralization. |
| What are periphytic algae? | Exist near the surface |
| What defenses might a phytoplankton have? | Spines, mucus, large size. |
| What phytoplankton is common to basic oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes? | Diatoms |
| What type of lakes do cyanobacteria dominate? | Basic eutrophic lakes |
| What type of lake do dinoflagellates exist in? | Neutral mesotrophic. |
| Why are cyang bacteria important? | They participate in nitrogen fixation, indicate high phosphorus, and can be a health issue. |
| Name one characteristic of a diatom. | Silica cell wall |
| Name one characteristic of chrysophytes. | They have carotenoids |
| Name two characteristics of dinoflagellates? | Bioluminescence Red tide |
| O aquatic macrophages have support tissue? | No |
| What are the four classes of aquatic macrophyte. | Emergent Floating leaves Submersed Freefloating |
| Where would you likely find a rotifer? | In periphytic vegetation in an oxygenated habitat |
| What is a copepod | Cope pods are colourful marine microcrustaceans. |
| How could you recognize a branchipod? | They have 5 pairs of appendages on their head. |
| How many frehseater orders of malacostraca are there? | 4 |
| Are insects more likely to be found in lakes or streams? | Streams. |
Created by:
swilson67