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Nervous,Ear, Ear tes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | responsible for the perception, behavior and memories and initiates all voluntary movements |
| Nerve Impulse | self transmitting wave of negativity that travels along the surface of a membrane of a nerve fiber, carries information away from the nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord |
| Nerve | bundle of nerve fibers, small blood vessels, connects the brain, spinal cord and other parts |
| Nerve Fiber | nerve cell extensions |
| Neuroglia | type of neural tissue that does not transmit impulses |
| Astrocytes | most abundant form of neuroglia cells, Largest in size |
| Microglia | stationary neuroglia cells in the brain that has an injury, These pahgocize bacteria cells and reproduce to fight inflammation |
| Ependymal Cells | form the inner lining of the central canal, form the membrane inside the ventricles, regulates the composition of cerebral spinal fluid |
| Oligrodendrocytes | cluster around the nerve cell bodies and produce a myelin sheath |
| Schwann Cells | only in peripheral nerve system, These also make myelin |
| Neurons | react to physical and chemical changes, conduct impulses |
| Dendrites | part of a neuron, conducts impulses to the cell body |
| Receptors | located at the distal end of the dendrites |
| Cell Body | largest part of a neuron |
| Nissl Bodies | same as the rough ER, make protein, part of cell body |
| Nuerofibrils | fine fibers that extend thru the dendrites, provide support and form skeleton of neurons |
| Microtubles | move nutrients to and from cell body |
| Axon | conduct impulses away from the cell body |
| Sensory Neurons | transmit impulses to the spinal cord |
| Motor Nuerons | transmit away from spinal cord or brain to glands or muscles |
| Interneuron | lies b/w sensory and motor neurons |
| Potential/Polarized | resting state, not conducting impulses |
| Depolarized | no difference in the inner and outer, neutral no charge |
| Action Potential | impulses is being conducted |
| Refractory Period | time when cell cannot generate another impulse and needs to repolarize |
| Polarized | negative inside, positive outside |
| Action Potential | negative outside, positive inside |
| Threshold | when impulse must decrease from resting level |
| Synapse | contact point between the end of the axon of one neuron and dendrite/cell body of another neuron |
| Acetlycholine | most abundant transmitter, body part excitement, inhibits the heart |
| Cholinesterase | deactivates acetylcholine |
| Dopamine | transmitter, inhibits motor function |
| Nor Epinephrine | transmitter, helps create a sense of well being |
| Seratonin | excreted by small intestines, vasoconstrictor, affects mood control |
| Histamine | dialates blood vessels and stimulates gastric juices |
| Glutamate | excitatory effect |
| Enkephalines, endorphins and dynorphins | involved in pain relief |
| Spinal Cord | extends from foramen magnum to the 2nd lumbar vertebrae |
| 16/18 inches | spinal cord length |
| Gray matter | little clusters of cell bodies, contains reflex centers |
| Dura Mater | outer covering of the brain |
| Arachnoid | middle layer of the brain |
| Pia Mater | inner most covering layer of the brain, adheres directly |
| Epidural Space | between dura mater and vertebral column |
| Subdural Space | between dura mater and arachnoid |
| Subarachnoid | b/w arachnoid and pia mater |
| Occipital | lobe of the brain responsible for vision |
| Temporal | lobe of the brain responsible for hearing |
| Parietal | lobe of the brain responsible for translating speech and writing into thought |
| Frontal | lobe of the brain responsible for motor functions |
| Forebrain | largest portionof the brain, made up of cerebrum, fissures |
| Basal Ganglia | located at the base of the brain |
| Hindbrain | known as cerebellum, 2nd largest part of the brain, balance |
| medulla | actually attached to the cord, center for the heart and respiratory and vital signs, the brain stem |
| Pons | regulates respiration and relay stuff around |
| Cerebrum | part of the brain all about balance |
| Reticular Formation | central core of the brainstem, life cycle regulation |
| Limbic System | survival mode, emotional and visceral brain |
| Hippocampus | memory |
| Amydala | emotions from thought |
| Blood brain barrier | – blood flows to the brain mainly by blood vessels that branch and make up the circle of Willis at the base of the brain |
| Peripheral Nervous System | voluntary nervous system made up of cranial and spinal nerves |
| 12 | number of cranial nerves |
| 31 pairs | number of spinal nerves |
| 8 pairs | number of cervical |
| 12 pairs | number of thorasic |
| 5 pairs | number of lumbar |
| 5 pairs | sacrum number |
| 1 pair | coccyx number |
| Autonomic nervous system | control center in the medulla) involuntary controlled, Affects RR and HR |
| Enteric Nervous System | controls GI, esophagus, stomach and intestines |
| Parasympathetic | slows down the response |
| Sympathetic | speeds up response |
Created by:
digitaldane
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