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PARASCI_L4

Anaphylaxis

QuestionAnswer
something that stimulates an immune response antigen
an antigen that causes an allergy allergen
abnormal and excessive response of activated immune system causing injury and damage to host tissues hypersensitivity
a family of defensive proteins the body makes when stimulated by an antigen antibody
IgE mediated activation of mast cells and basophils, chemical mediators released Type I hypersensitivity reaction
IgG or IgM-mediated, directed against target antigens on specific host cell surfaces/tissues Type II hypersensitivity reaction
antigen-antibody mediated immune complexes formed, activate compliment system, inducing massive inflammatory response Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Cell and tissue damage due to cell-mediated immune responses with sensitised T cells Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Type I, II & III sensitivity reactions humoral response
proteins and complex carbohydrates high molecular weight
materials that bind to body and modify proteins low molecular weight
Express IgE on mast cells and basophils High affinity IgE receptors
Bind IgE on lymphocytes, eosinophils and platelets Low affinity IgE receptors
Antigen exposure, plasma cells produce IgE antibodies against allergen, which attach to mast cells and basophils Sensitisation stage
Help B cells produce IgM or IgG T1 helper cells
Help B cells produce IgE T2 helper cells
Direct maturation towards T1 helper cells Dendritic cells and macrophages
contain histamine and heparin (are granulated) mast cells, basophils and eosinophils
found in connective tissue mast cells
confined to blood stream basophils
more allergen enters body, combines with IgE antibodies that are attached to mast cells and basophils, forming cross linkages which trigger degranulation
vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, vascular linkage primary response
Intense infiltration of tissues with eosinophils & other acute & chronic inflammatory cells, tissue damage. secondary response
vasoactive chemical mediator release, synthesis and secretion of platelet activating factor & leukotrines, secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. mast cell degranulation
Histamine, seratonin, ECF, NCF, proteases, Platelet AF, leukotrines, prostaglandins, bradykinin, cytokines Substances released from degranulation
increases NO, constricts bronchioles, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, increases capillary venule permeability, contracts smooth muscle histamine
bronchial constriction, dilation of small blood vessels ACh
lipid mediators derived from mast cell membranes
lipid mediators break down in degranulation to arachidonic acid
arachidonic acid synthesises leukotrines and prostaglandins
AAR occurs how many hours after allergen inhalation 1
LAR occurs how many hours after allergen inhalation 6
Created by: 1092422624234171
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