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Bellaire BIO9 Unit2
Bellaire BIO9 Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active transport | The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins |
| bacteria | single-cellled organisms (prokaryotes) |
| biological evolution | Change over time (All the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today.) |
| cell function | The specific "job(s)" that a cell does |
| cell membrane | The outer membrane of the cell; the plasma membrane |
| cell wall | A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists. In the case of plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin |
| cellular differentiation | The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression |
| chloroplast | An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compound from carbon dioxide and water. |
| chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins |
| cytoplasm | The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane |
| difffusion | The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a complex, double-stranded nucleic acid molecule that is found in most living things that acts as the primary genetic material. It controls the structure of proteins and influences chemical reactions within the body |
| eukaryote | An organism whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles and whose DNA is enclosed in a cell nucleus and is associated with proteins. |
| Golgi apparatus | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum |
| mitochondrion | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration |
| nucleus | The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell |
| nucleated cell | any cell containing a nucleus |
| organelle | One of several formed bodies with a specialized function, suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| photosynthesizing organism | any living thing that is capable of carring out the process of photosynthesis |
| prokaryote | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
| protein | A three-dimensinal biological polymer constructe form a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids. |
| ribosome | A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus, functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| transport of cell material | Need to know how cell transport "stuff" in and out, and also within the cell |
| vacuole | a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion |
| virus | A submicroscopic,noncellular particle of a nucleic acid core and a protein coat (capsid); parasitic; reproduces only within a host cell |
Created by:
kdewey
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