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MedTemCP5 Word+Pics
MedTemCP 5 Words and Pics
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal(digestive)tract | Begins with the mouth, where food enters, and ends with the anus, where solid waste materials leaves the body. There are three functions of the system are degestive, absorption,and elimination. |
| Digestive | Complex food material taken into the mouth or broken down menchaninically and chemically. |
| Enzymes | Speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown of complex nutrients. |
| Amino acids | Complex proteins are digested to complicated sugars and are reduced to simple sugars. |
| Glucose | Simple sugar. |
| Trigkycerides | Large fat molecules composed of three parts of fatty acids and one part glycerol. |
| Fatty acids | Substance produced when fats are digestive. |
| Absorption | Digestive foods passes into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. |
| Elimination | The solid waste materials that cannot be aborbed into the bloodstream. |
| Feces | Solid wastes. |
| Cheeks | Form the walls of the oval-shaped oral cavity and lips. |
| Lips | Surround the opening to the cavity. |
| Hard Palate | Forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, and the muscular soft palate. |
| Soft Palate | Lies posterior to the hard palate |
| Rugae | Irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate. |
| Uvula | A small soft tissue projection, hangs from the soft palate. |
| Tongue | Extends across the floor of the orval cavity, and muscles attach it to the lower jaw bone. |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Papilae | Small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds. |
| Tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes, lie on both sides of the oropharynx. They are fillters to protect the body of bacterua and produce lymphocytes. |
| Oropharynx | Part of the throat near the mouth. |
| Gums | The flesy tissue surrounding the sockets of the teeth. |
| Teeth | A dental arch with 16 permenent teeth in the entire oral cavity. |
| Orval cavity | Mouth |
| Incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch. |
| Canine | Pointed,"dog tooth" next to the incusors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth. |
| Premolar | The fouth and fifth teeth, befire tge nolars |
| Molar | The sixth to the eigth teeth from the middle on the either side of the dental arch. |
| Labial Surface | surface for incisor and canine teeth, is nearest the lips. |
| Buccal Surface | Cheek premolar and molar teeth. |
| Facial | Both Labial and Buccal surfaces. |
| Ingual Surface | On the side of the tooth directly opposite the facial surface. |
| Medial Surface | A tooth lies nearer to the median line. |
| Distal | Lies farther grom the median line. |
| Occlusal | To close that comes in contact with a corresponding tooth in the opposing arch. |
| Incisal edge | Sharp edge. |
| Crown | Shows avove the gum line. |
| Root | Lies within the bony tooth socket. |
| Enamel | outmost protective layer of the crown, protects the tooth. |
| Dentin | Main substance of the tooth, lies beneath the enamel an etends thoughout the crown. And softer then enamel. |
| Cementum | covers, protects, and suports the dentin in the root. |
| Periodontal membrane | Surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket. |
| Pulp | Lies underneath the dentin. This soft and delicate tissue fills the center if the tooth. |
| Root Canal | Blood vessels,nerve endings tissue, and lymphatic vessels are within the pulp canal. |
| Salivary glands | Surrounds the oral cavity, produce saliva. |
| Saliva | Contains important digestive enzymes as wekk as healing growth factors. |
| Enzymes | A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. They breakdown foods to simpler substances. |
| Parotid Gland | Salivart gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear. |
| Submandibular Gland | Under teeth produce salvia. |
| Sublingual | Both sides of the mouth, connected to submandibular gland. |
| Pharynx | Throat, a muscuar tube about 5 inches long, lined with a mucous membrane. Passeway for both air and food. |
| Esophagus | Food tube connect to the stomach. |
| Deglutition | Swallowing. |
| Epiglottis | A flap of tissue close to block food from entering the Trachea. Open to breath. |
| Peristalsis | The progressive, rhythmic comtraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus pronellinf a bolus toward the stomach. |
| Bolus | Mass of food. |
| Stomach | A Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. |
| Fundas | Upper portion of stomach. |
| Body | Middle section of stomach. |
| Antrum | Lower portion of stomach. |
| Sphincters | Rings of muscle control openings into and leading out of the stomach. |
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter(cardic sphincter) | Relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach. |
| Pyloric sphincter | Allowers food to leave the stomach when it is ready. |
| Mucosa(Ruage) | Mucous membrane that is the lining of the stomach also caled rugae. It contains digestive glands that produce enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid. |
| Pepsin | To begin degestion of proteins. |
| Hydrochloric acid | Substance produced by the stomach, necessary for digestion of food. |
| Small Intestine(small bowel) | Entends for 20 feet from pyloric sphincter to the fist part of the large intestine. |
| Duodenum | Only a foot long, it receices food from the stomach as well as bile from the liver. |
| Bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallblader. |
| Liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver produce bile, store sugar; iron; and vitamins, produce blood proteins, and destorys worn out blood red cells. |
| Gallbladder | Small sac under liver; stores bile. |
| Pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes. |
| Jejunun | Second part of the small instines. |
| Ileum | About 11 feet king and attaches to the fist part of the large instine. |
| Villi | Millons of microscopic projections that line the walls of the small instines. They absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream. |
| Large Insestine | Extends from the end of the ileum to the amus. |
| Cecum | A pouch on the right side that connects to the ileum at the fleoceal valve. |
| Appendix | Hangs from the cecum. It has no clear function and can become inflamed and infected when clogged or blocked. |
| Colon | About 5 feet long has four named segments. |
| Ascending colon | Extends from the Cecum to the undersurface of the liver, where it turns left to become the transverse colon. |
| Transverse Colon | Paseses hotizontally to the left toward the spleeen and then turns doward into the descending colon. |
| Desending Colon | Part of large instines. |
| Sigmoid Colon | Shaped like a S begins at the distal end of the descending colon and leads into the rectum. |
| Rectum | Terminates in the lower opening of the digestive tract, the anus. |
| Anus | Opening of digestive tract to the outside of the body. |
| Defecation | The expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus. |
| Bilitubin | Produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal red blood cell destruction. |
| Iaundice(hyperbilirubinemia) | Yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes. |
| Hepatic duct | A vain connects to the liver into the Pancreas and joints the Cystic duct. |
| Crystic duct | A vain connects to the Gallbladder, joins the Hypatic Duct into Pancreas. |
| Common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the Duodenum. |
| Pancreas | Secretes pancreatic juices or Enzymes rhat are realeased into the Pancreatic Duct. |
| Pancreatic Duct | Joins with the Common bile duct just as it enters the Duodenum. |
| Duodenum | Receives a mixture of the bile and pancreatic juices. |
| Emulusification | The bile breaks apart large fat globules, creating more surface area so the enzymes from the pancreas can digest the fats. |
| Glycogen | Starch. |
| Gluconeogenesis | Process of the liver turns the protiens and fats into glucose. |
| Glycogenolysis | The blood sugar becomes dangerously low, the liver realse it glycogen back into glucose. |
| Portal vein | Brings blood to the liver from the instestines. |
| Amylase | Starch enzymes. |
| Lipase | Fat materials. |
| Protease | Protein materials. |
| Insulin | Hormone needed to help realse sugar from the blood, acts as a carrier to bring glucose into cells of the body to be used for energy. |
| Etitology | Cause of disease. |
| Idiopathic | Unknown cause of disease. |
| Anorexia | Lack of appetite. |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
| Borborygmus (pl:borborygmi) | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointesrinal tract. |
| COnstipation | Difficulty of passing stools. |
| Laxastives | Promate movement of stools. |
| Cathartices | Promate movement of stools. |
| Diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
| Dysphagia | Diffulty of swallowing. |
| Odynophagia | Swallowing causes pain. |
| Eructation | Gas explled from the stomach though the mouth. |
| Belching | The sound of gas explled from the stomach though the mouth. |
| Flatus | Gas explled through the anus. |
| Flatulence | The presence of excessive gas in both stomach and the intestines. |
| Hematochezia | Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum. |
| Jaundice(icterus) | Yellow-orage coloration of skin abd whites of the eyes by high levels of billirubin in blood. There are three causes of Jaundice Hemolysis, liver disease, and obstruction of bile flow. |
| Hemolysis | Execessive destruction of erythocytes. |
| Melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. |
| Nausea | Umpleasant sensation of stomach associated with a tendency to vomit. |
| Steatorrhea | Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter. |
| Aphthous Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with smaall, painful ulcers called canker or sorers. Unknown cause. |
| Dental caries | Tooth decay or dental plaque. |
| Herpetic stomatits | Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus. |
| Fever billters or cold sores | Painful fluid-filled billsters on skin and mucus membrane. |
| Oral leukoplakia | White plaques or paches on the mucus of the mouth. |
| Periodontal disease | Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones. |
| Dental calculus or tartar | A white brown, or yellow-brown calcified deposit at or below the gingival margin of teeth. |
| Achalasis | Failue of the lower esophagus sphincter(LES) muscle to relax. |
| Esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
| Portal hypertension | Liver disease causes increased pressure in the veins near and around the liver. |
| Gastric carcinoms | Malignant tumor of the stomach. |
| Gastroesophageal relflux disease(GERD) | Solids abd fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. |
| Heartburn | The burining sesesation cause by regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus. |
| ERelux esophagitis | Chronic exposure of the esophagus muccosa to gastric acid and pepsin. |
| Histal hernia | Occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm. |
| Inguinal hernia | Occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a week lower abdominal muscle. |
| Peptic Ulcer | Open sore or lession of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum. |
| Anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus |
| Fissure | Break. |
| Colonic Polyposis | Polyps protude from the mucus membrane of the colon. |
| Pedunculated | Attached to the membrane by a stalk. |
| Sessile | Sitting directly on the mucus membrane. |
| Colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both. |
| Crohn Disease(Crohn's) | Chronic imflamation of the intestinal tract(terminal ileum and colon) |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) | Like Crohn's symptoms of diarrhea, serve, abdominal pain, fever, anorexia weekness, and weight loss. |
| Diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets(outpourchings) in the intestinal wall. |
| Diverticula | Pouch-like herniations through the muscule wall of the colon. |
| Diverticulits | Fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula. |
| Dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines. |
| Hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region. |
| Ileus | Failue of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the instestines. |
| Paralytic ileus | Acute, transisent loss of peristalsis. |
| Intusseusception | Telescoping of the instestine. |
| Irritable Bowel Sydrome(IBS) | Group of gastrointestinal symptomes associated with stress and tension. |
| Ulcerative colitis | Chronic Inflammation of the colon with presence of the ulcers. |
| Volvulus | Twisting of the instestine on itself. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder. |
| Calculi | Stones. |
| Biliary colic | Pain from blocked cysyic or common bile duct. |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
| Pancreatitis | Inflmmation of the pancreas. |
| Virual Hepatitis | Inflamation of the liver cause by a virus. |
| Hepatitis A | Viral henatitis caused by the henatitis a virus(HAV). It can be spreed by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms, the person can recover from this. |
| Hepatitis B | Caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)that can be transfered by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments. Can cause destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or death. |
| Hepatitis C | Caused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV) and can be tranfered from blood transfusions or needle inoculation-drugs users sharring needles. |
Created by:
Yugipie
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