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Lect. 5. Psyc. 307

Essential concepts

TermDefinition
Evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs) components of the mind that facilitate the production of behavior that helped solve an adaptive problem
evolution is the only known process to shape the nature of biological organisms
evolutionary psychologists study the psychological parts of human nature
adaptations effectively and economically solved a challenge that ultimately impacts DRS, are inherited through genes, are reliably expressed
adaptations are reliably expressed evident only in specific contexts, developmental periods, vary across individuals
adaptations develop over a time period (environment of evolutionary adaptedness) in response to particular selective pressures
by-products spandrels
spandrels accompany adaptations, but don't solve survival or reproduction problems
noise random effects
EPMs relate specifically to EEA problem, mental processing modules, specific, inputs via decision rules
EPMs generate outputs physiological events, inputs to other EPMs, behavior
EPM outputs must on average have produced better outcomes than alternatives (DRS) (“effective”)
EPMs form relates to the context of human evolutionary history and not necessarily of today, provide a non-arbitrary means for parceling the mind
just because an EPM can be used for a range of problems (IQ, working memory) doesn’t mean it wasn’t designed to solve a particular problem
In most cases EPMs require environmental inputs to develop callouses, male sexual anatomy, language
all species have a nature (eating, mating behavior)=EPMs
psychological disorders maybe result of interaction with non-EEA
all psychological traits have meaningful genetic contribution
traits reliably expressed but can vary to some degree across individuals due to environmental interacations
human nature adaptations over time to particular selective pressures
EPMs are processing modules of the mind
EPMs determine human nature rationale for dividing up the mind
EPMs problem specific or domain general (working memory, IQ, classical conditioning)
support for problem specific EPMs food conditioning best with smell, but fear conditioning with sight
learning vs EPMs false dichotomy: interaction ex. language needs input
convergent validity the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related
comparative assessments compare similar species wrt a given trait (ex. sleep patterns)
types of evidence archaeological, historical, comparative, cross-cultural, naturalistic observation, surveys, human products, physiological, nervous system and genetic, experiments
archaeological evidence artifacts present clues to nature of EEA (tools, cave drawings)
survey evidence self-report (easy, but biased), other report (biased), question form
cross cultural evidence reliably expressed across cultures, explain anomalies
naturalistic observation only allowed in public places
human products incite into human thought (teams, fast food, internet)
genetic evidence how alleles show up in particular nervous system
experiments can't compare humans with and without selective pressure
guidance from evolutionary theory top-down process (survival, mating, raising offspring, kin interaction)
mama bear syndrome one's inner beast releases itself on its prey to show dominance, stemming from protection instinct.
traditional societies resemble EEA
general psychology evidence bottom up process (Why do humans have descent illusion?)
Created by: james22222222
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