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Cataracts
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cataract | opacity of lens |
Traumatic causes | Blunt injury; Penetrating injury; Intraocular foreign bodies; Radiation exposure |
Toxic causes | Corticosteroids; Phenothiazine derivatives; Miotic agents |
Associated causes | DM, Hypoparathyroidism; Down syndrome; Chronic sunlight exposure |
Complicated causes | Retinitis pigmentosa; Glaucoma; Retinal detachment |
Important Hx questions | Recent/past trauma to eye; Exposure to radioactive; Systemic disease; Use of corticosteroids, chlorpromazine, miotics; Intraocular disease |
Early S/S | Blurred vision; Decreased color vision |
Late S/S | Diplopia; Reduced acuity progressing to blindness; Absent red reflex; White pupil |
Age-related cataracts | No pain or eye redness |
Pre-op Diamox | Reduces IOP |
Extracapsular cataract extraction | removal of anterior capsule & lens |
Intracapsular extraction | removal of anterior & posterior capsule and lens; disadvantage is increased risk of retinal detachment |
Phacoemulsion | sound waves to break up cataractous lens into small pieces (Extracapsular) |
Post-removal | loss of accommodative power & aphakia (loss of refractive ability) |
Activities that increase IOP | Bending from waist; Sneezing/coughing; Blowing nose; Straining; Vomiting; Sex; Head in dependent position; Tight shirt collars |
Post-op complications | Increased IOP, infection |
Post-op Activity | Cooking & light housekeeping OK; No vacuuming, driving, or golf |
Post-Op S/S to report | Sharp/sudden eye px; Bleeding/increased discharge; Lid swelling; Decreased vision; Flashes of light/floating shapes |