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Biology Study Guide
Biology-Module 5 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1a. Matter. | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| 1b. Model. | An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen. |
| 1c. Element. | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons. |
| 1d. Molecules. | Chemicals that result from atoms linking together. |
| 1e. Physical change. | A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance. |
| 1f. Chemical change. | A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance. |
| 1g. Phase. | One of three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - which every substance is capable of attaining. |
| 1h. Diffusion. | The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| 1i. Concentration. | A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent. |
| 1j. Semipermeable membrane. | A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through. |
| 1k. Osmosis. | The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration. |
| 1l. Catalyst. | A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process. |
| 1m. Organic molecule. | A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous. |
| 1n. Biosynthesis. | The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones. |
| 1o. Isomers. | Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula. |
| 1p. Monosaccharides. | Simple carbohydrates that contain three to ten carbon atoms. |
| 1q. Disaccharides. | Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides. |
| 1r. Polysaccharides. | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides. |
| 1s. Dehydration reaction. | A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water. |
| 1t. Hydrolysis. | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water. |
| 1u. Hydrophobic. | Lacking any affinity to water. |
| 1v. Saturated fat. | A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms. |
| 1w. Unsaturated fat. | A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. |
| 1x. Peptide bond. | A bond that links amino acids together in a protein. |
| 1y. Hydrogen bond. | A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules. |
| 2. Describe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. | The neutrons and protons are in the center and the electrons are circling the center. |
| 3. What determines the vast majority or characteristics in an atom? | Electrons. |
| 4. What does the number after an atom's name signify? | The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
| 5. What is the difference between an element and an atom? | An element is a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. |
| 6. How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons? | Thirty-two electrons. |
| 7. How many atoms (total) are in a molecule of C₃H₈O? What atoms are present and how many of each atom? | Twelve. Three carbon, eight hydrogen, and one oxygen. |
| 8. Identify the following as an atom, element, or molecule: a. H₂CO₃ b. nitrogen-14 c. P | a. Molecule b. Element c. Atom |
| 9. If you add energy to the molecules of a liquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid. | Gas. |
| 10. A chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrane be used? | No. A fully permeable membrane should be used. |
| 11. Two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the two solutions change. Has osmosis or diffusion taken place? What kind of membrane is being used? | Osmosis. Semipermeable. |
| 12. Consider the following chemical reaction: N₂ + 3H₂ = 2NH₃. a. What are the reactants? b. What are the products? c. How many molecules of H₂ are used in the reaction? | a. N₂ and 3H₂ b. 2NH₃ c. Three |
| 13. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? What 4 things are necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ |
| 14. Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up? | Higher temperatures. |
| 15. Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a. NH₃ b.CO₂ c. C₂H₄O d. C₅H₁₀O₅ e. C₃H₈O₃ | d. |
| 16. What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? What kind of reaction can break these substances down? | Dehydration. Hydrolysis. |
| 17. Which of the chemical formulas on page 160 is an acid? | c. |
| 18. Describe the pH scale and what it measures. | It goes from 0(acidic) to 14(alkaline). 7 is considered neutral. It measures acidity and alkalinity. |
| 19. What are the basic building blocks of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides? | Amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides |
| 20. If two proteins contain the same type and number of amino acids, but the order in which they link up is different, are the properties of the two proteins the same? | No. |
| 21. What are enzymes, and for what purpose are they usually called? | They are a special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that support life. Its purpose is usually to allow for proper digestion of food. |
| 22. What is the "lock and key" theory of enzyme action? | When the sucrose fits into the sucrase like a key fits into a lock. |
| 23. What are the basic parts of a nucleotide? | Sugar, a phosphate group, and a nucleotide base. |
| 24. How does DNA store information? | Cells have chemical machinery that decodes the sequences of nucleotide bases into instructions for what structures need to be built and where to build them. |
| 25. What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together? | Bases link together in a process called hydrogen bonding. |
Created by:
LiseBrinkley
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