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A&P Chapter 2
Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 12e Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is chemistry? | The branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes. |
| What is matter? | Anything that takes up space |
| What is matter composed of? | All matter is composed of elements |
| How many elements are required for life to exist? | 20 elements |
| What is the nucleus of an atom comprised of? | protons and neutrons, elections float around the nucleus |
| What is a proton? | positively charged particle |
| What is an electron? | negatively charged particle |
| What is a neutron? | neutral particle with no charge |
| What is a cation? | positively charged ion |
| What is an anion? | negatively charged ion |
| What is it called when two particles bond? | ionic bond |
| What is it called when two of the same particles bond and share electrons equally? | covalent bond |
| What is it called when 2 or more atoms combine? | molecule |
| What is it called when 2 or more different atoms combine? | compound |
| An acid gives off _____________. | hydrogen |
| A base accepts _____________. | hydrogen |
| pH measures the concentration of ___________________ in a solution. | hydrogen |
| On a pH scale, 1 is considered ________________. | acidic |
| On a pH scale, 9 is considered _______________. | basic |
| On a pH scale, 7 is considered _____________. | neutral |
| On a pH scale, less than 7 is considered ________________. | acidic |
| On a pH scale, greater than 7 is considered ________________. | basic |
| What is a buffer? | It is a solution that prevents change in pH; chemicals that combine with excess acids or bases to help minimize pH changes in body fluids. |
| What do carbohydrates do? | carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities and are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| The smallest carbohydrate, or single sugar, is called _________________. | monosaccharide |
| A double sugar is called _________________. | disaccharide |
| Multiple sugar molecules are called _______________. | polysaccharides |
| What is a lipid? | fatty acid |
| What are the 2 types of lipids? | saturated and unsaturated fatty acids |
| What is a phospholipid? | contains glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group make the cell wall |
| When looking at a chain of lipids, how can you tell if it is saturated or unsaturated? | saturated is straight, unsaturated has a kink |
| What are proteins? | a long chain of amino acids; complex shapes held together by hydrogen bonds |
| What is the primary structure of a protein? | long chain of amino acids |
| What is a secondary structure of a protein? | when the chain gets pleated or twisted (alpha helix or beta sheet) |
| What is a tertiary structure of a protein? | when the secondary structure twists and pleats into a globular form |
| When 2 or more tertiary protein structures join together, you get a _______________. | quaternary structure |
| What determines the function of a protein? | it's shape |
| What is denaturation? | the disruption of a proteins shape by pH, temperature, radiation or chemicals making the protein nonfunctional (breakdown). |
| What are the nucleic acids? | RNA, DNA and ATP |
| What is RNA? | single stranded nucleic acid |
| What is DNA? | double helix nucleic acid |
| What is ATP? | modified RNA that provides energy |
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