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Biology Vocab Chap 2
Principles of Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ecology | the study of relationships of organisms and their environment |
| biosphere | the part of the earth that supports life |
| abiotic | nonliving factors in an organism's environment. i.e. air, water |
| biotic | living factors in an organism's environment. i.e. fish, algae, frogs |
| Levels of organization from small to large | organism, population, biological community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| population | organisms from the same species that share the same geographic location |
| biological community | a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time |
| ecosystem | a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it |
| biome | a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities |
| habitat | where an organism lives |
| niche | the role or position an organism has in its environment |
| competition | when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time |
| predation | when one organism comsumes (eats) another organism |
| predator | the organism that pursues another. With a cat and mouse, the cat is this |
| prey | the organism that is pursued. With a cat and mouse, the mouse is this |
| symbiosis | the relationship between two or more species that live together |
| mutualism | when two or more organisms live closely together and benefit from each other: fungi and algae |
| commensalism | when one organism benefts and the other is neither helped or harmed: clownfish and sea anemones |
| parasitism | when one organism benefits at the expense of another: tapeworms |
| autotroph | green plants and other organisms that produce their own food |
| heterotroph | an organism that gets its energy by consuming other organisms. They are consumers. |
| herbivore | a heterotroph that only eats plants |
| carnivore | heterotrophs that prey on other heterotrophs: wolves, lions |
| omnivores | eat both plants and animals: bears, humans |
| detritivores | eat parts of dead matter, return nutrients to the soil, air, and water: worms, fungi |
| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web is called this |
| food chain | simple model that shows how energy flows through our ecosystem |
| food web | a model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms |
| ecological pyramid | model to show how energy flows through the ecosystem: Pyramid of Energy; Pyramid of Biomass; Pyramid of Numbers |
| biomass | the total mass of living matter at each trophic level decreases as move up |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| nutrient | a chemical substance that an organism must obtain from its environment in order to live |
| biogeochemical cycle | exchange of matter through the biosphere |
| water cycle | Precipitation, evaporation, transpiration |
| nitrogen fixation | process of capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants |
| denitrification | soil bacteria converts fixed nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas that returns it to the atmosphere |
Created by:
ddanna
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