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NUR111 Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| enuresis | bed wetting |
| bruxism | night time tooth grinding |
| nociceptor | sensory receptor for painful stimuli |
| hypothalamus | the brain's pain control center |
| neuropathic pain | pain resulting from nerve malfunction, internal disease, or infection |
| nociceptive pain | pain resulting from external stimuli upon healthy tissues |
| somatic pain | sharp pain from injury to skin and muscle tissues |
| visceral pain | dull, deep pain from internal body |
| acute pain | pain that is sudden and typically results from injury |
| referred pain | pain felt in an area different from site of injury/illness |
| chronic pain | pain associated with disease and lasts >6 months |
| chronic recurrent pain | periods of intense pain with periods of remission, i.e. migraines |
| chronic intractable pain | pain that is always present with varying intensity, i.e. back pain |
| chronic progressive pain | pain that worsens over time, i.e. rheumatoid arthritis |
| central pain | pain from damage to CNS, typically felt as pins and needles |
| phantom pain | pain felt in body part no longer there (amputated site) |
| psychogenic pain | pain with no physical cause; psychological issue |
| incident pain | breakthrough pain associated with an event or activity, such as changing a wound dressing |
| idiopathic pain | pain with no identifiable cause |
| end of dose pain | pain experienced after pain medication wears off |
| hypoxemia | low oxygen concentration in blood |
| tachypnea | rapid/shallow respirations at >20 per minute |
| hypoxia | oxygen deficit in body tissues |
| bradypnea | slow or inconsistent respirations at <10 per minute |
| apnea | lack of breathing |
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder characterized by 5 or more periods of apnea in an hour, lasting 10-20 seconds per episode |
| dyspnea | labored breathing or shortness of breath |
| hyperventilation | rapid and deep breathing, risk for low CO2 levels in blood |
| hypoventilation | slow and shallow breathing, risk for low O2 in blood |
| orthopnea | shortness of breath when laid flat |
| Kassmaul breathing | deep, rapid expirations, risk for low CO2 |
| Cheyne-Stokes breathing | slow, shallow breathing with periods of apnea; risk for low O2, common with opiate overdose |
| Biot respirations | shallow breathing with apnea, risk for low O2 |
| eupnea | normal, unlabored breathing |
| V-Q ratio | ratio of ventilation to perfusion; used to assess ability for O2 to move across alveolar-capillary membrane |
| reticular activating system (RAS) | bundle of nerves in brainstem that mediates level of consciousness |
| parasomnia | unusual behaviors exhibited during sleep |
| perception | the cognitive interpretation of stimuli and inputs |
| cognition | a complex set of mental activities through which we acquire, process, retrieve, and apply information |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that carry motor or sensory information across synapses or junctions |
| attention | the ability to remain alert and aware while focusing on a stimulus or mental event |
| memory | the retention, storing, and retrieval of previous experience |
| communication | the ability to receive, interpret, and express information |
| social cognition | the ability to correctly process and apply social information |
| motor coordination | the planning, organizing, and execution of complex motor tasks |
| executive function | the mental skills involved in planning and executing complex tasks |
| intellectual function | the mental capacity to learn, reason, and problem solve |
| confusion | a cognitive deficit characterized by difficulty making judgements, thinking clearly, or focusing attention |
| psychosis | a break from reality |
| delusions | a false belief that is fixed and rigid |
| hallucinations | sensing things that are not really there; may be seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or felt |
| illusion | a distorted perception of what is there |
| amnesia | the loss of recent or remote memory |
| confabulation | an event fabricated by someone experiencing cognitive impairment |
| agnosia | the inability to properly recognize or identify an object |
| aphasia | inability to understand or use language |
| anomia | the inability to "name" things; may be early sign of progressive degenerative disorder or just a temporary lapse of memory |
| alogia | lack of or impoverished speech |
| dyspraxia | difficulty acquiring motor coordination skills |
| apraxia | altered speech from impaired motor function |
| ataxia | lack of balance and coordination |
| tic | sudden, involuntary and non-rhythmic repetitive motion; can be vocal |
| carphalogia | lint picking; seen in dementia patients |
| echolasia | repeated words or phrases that are meaningless to situation |
| tremors | unintentional rhythmic shaking |
| dyskinesia | classification of movement disorders related to impaired motor coordination |
| akathisia | restlessness leading to repetitive rocking, pacing, etc |
| akinesia | difficulty initiating movement |
| bradykinesia | slow movement as result of motor impairment |
| dystonia | acute episode of muscle contraction |
| avolution | decreased motivation or inability to initiate goal-directed activity |
| Down Syndrome | congenital disorder marked by third copy of genetic information on 21st chromosome |
| Fragile X Syndrome | congenital disorder marked by X chromosome being susceptible to damage; related to folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy |
| delirium | acute state of confusion that is temporary and reversible; often associated with lack of oxygen, hydration, food, or sleep |
| dementia | a neural degenerative disease marked by chronic confusion and progressive loss of cognitive function |
| sundowning | changes in cognition associated with evening/night time |
Created by:
Lauren_IBCLC
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