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Circulation and Resp
Circulation and Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are parts of the cardiovasuclar system? | Heart, Artery, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins |
| What is the evolution of the vertebrate heart? | Two chambered heart -> two chambered with septa -> Three chambers -> Four chambers |
| What are the different types of circulation schemes? | Lung capillaries(mammal), gill capillaries(fish), lung and gill capillaries(amphibian) |
| What is the path of blood through the human heart? | Anterior Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> AV valve tricuspid -> Right Ventricle -> Semilunar Valve -> Pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> AV valve bicuspid -> Left Ventricle -> Semilunar Valve -> aorta -> Body |
| What is the Cardiac Output | Volume of blood per minute from the left ventricle. Depends on heart rate and stroke volume. Average is 70 beats per minute |
| What two atrioventrical nodes? | So that atria and ventricle do not beat at the same time |
| What is the lymphatic system? | Used to return lost fluid and protiens to the blood |
| What are the two factors involved in the interchange of fluid? | Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic presssure |
| What is the composition of mammalian blood? | plasma and cellular elements |
| What causes blood clotting? | injury signals platlets to the area and changes prothrombin to thrombin and fibrogen to fibrin |
| What are the three conditions of respiratory surfaces? | Large suface area, moist and thin |
| What is the Aqatic environments? | Less than 1 percent of oxygen. Oxygen amounts decrease as temperature increases, Aquatic animals use large amounts of energy to obtain oxygen |
| What are the terrestrial environments? | about 21 percent oxygen. developed invaginations to increase surface area and decrease evaporation. they may use one or two percent to obtain oxygen |
| What are the four types of respiratory systems? | cutaneous respiration, gills, trachaea and lungs |
| What is counter current gas exchange? | extracts 80 percent of oxygen from the water and maintains gradient over the whole length of capillaries |
| What are trachaea? | They are open tubes found in arthopods |
| What are spiracles? | They are openings |
| What are tracheoles? | contact the cell |
| What are diffusion lungs? | Gas moved by diffusion dependin on body movement (snails adn scorpions) |
| ventilation lungs? | found in amphibians, reptiles, mamals and birds. contain pharnyx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles adn alveoli |
| positive pressure breathing? | pushes down trachea seen in frogs and other amphibians |
| negative pressure breathing? | suction created by diaphragm seen in mammals |
| How is bird respiration different? | air sacs allow for one way ventilation they have parabronchi rather than alveoli |
| What controls breathing? | Medulla oblangata and pons. Monitors carbon dioxide and adjusts depth and rate of breathing |
| What transports oxygen in animals? | Hemoglobin |
| How is carbon dioxide transported? | 70 percent is transported as bicarbonate in plasma |
| Deep diving mammals? | stores large amonts of oxygen in blood and muscles and conserves it by exhaling before diving, decreasing heart rate and reducing blood supply to muscle |
Created by:
Shortevilpixee
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