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Intro to anatomy
Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the descending layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous |
| What is proprioception? | The ability to sense stimuli arising within the body regarding motion, position and equilibrium. |
| What are the two types of sweat glands? | Merocrine (acidic) sweat glands and Apocrine (alkaline) sweat glands |
| Describe the pattern of Langer's lines in limbs. | Spiral Longitudinally |
| Describe the pattern of Langer's lines in the thorax and abdomen. | Lie horizontally (transversely) |
| How do incisions relate to Langer's lines? | Incisions are much better if made parallel to the tension lines. |
| What are fascia? | connective tissue forming layers of variable thickness in all regions of the body |
| What is superficial fascia? | Found immediately beneath the skin |
| What is deep fascia? | Envelops organs and tissues and includes the sheets of fibrous tissue that encloses muscle and muscle groups and separate them into layers. |
| What is included in the axial skeleton? | Skull, vertebrae including sacrum, ribs and sternum. |
| What is included in the appendicular skeleton? | Bones of the upper and lower limbs including the scapula and clavicle and hip bone. |
| What is included in the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What is included in the PNS? | Cranial and spinal nerves |
| What can the sensory (afferent) system be subdivided into? | Somatic sensory and visceral sensory. |
| What can the motor (efferent) system be subdivided into? | Somatic motor and visceral motor. |
| What can the visceral motor system be further subdivided into? | Parasympathetic (relaxation) and sympathetic (fight or flight) |
| What is the enteric nervous system? | Mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract |
| What does a typical neuron consist of? | Soma, axon and dendrites |
| What is an axon? | Is single, can be as long as 1m, covered with myelin or Schwann cell. |
| Describe the structure of the spinal cord. | In the spinal canal, arranged segmentally, 33(ish) pairs of nerves |
| What are the descending layers of the CNS? | Dura mater, Arachnoid mater and Pia mater |
| What are the descending spaces of the CNS? | Extra-dural (haematoma), Sub-dural (haematoma) and Sub-arachnoid (Cerebrospinal fluid and haematoma) |
| What does the PNS consist of? | 33 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
| What does the 33 pairs of spinal nerves subdivide into? | 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1-4 Coccygeal |
| Describe the role of the somatic nervous system. | Innervates skeletal muscles, skin, oral and nasal cavities |
| Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system. | Controls the functions of smooth muscles, glands and internal organs and blood vessels. Relays sensory information from these to the CNS Can be divided in to parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system located? | The lateral horn of T1-L2 spinal cord segments. |
| Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system located? | The brain stem or S2-4 spinal cord segments. |
Created by:
robertspedding
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