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Geology 1

Layers of the Earth/Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Tectonic Plate one of the giant, moving slabs that make up Earth's lithosphere - slowly moves by way of convection currents in the mantle.
Plate Boundary the area where 2 tectonic plates border one another
Theory of Plate Tectonics the theory that Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move and interact due to convection currents in the mantle
Theory of Continental Drift the theory that Earth was once a "supercontinent" called Pangaea that began to
Lithosphere is made up of the crust and the upper mantle
Asthenosphere the liquid layer of Earth's mantel, underlying the lithosphere
Inner Core the innermost and densest layer of the Earth - made of mostly iron and nickel - is a liquid that acts a solid due to extreme temperature and pressure
Subduction a process by which one tectonic plate pushes beneath another tectonic plate
Convection Current the transfer of heat be the flow of a heated material; creates a circular motion - occurs in gases and liquids
Continental Crust this type of crust is composed of primarily Granite and is less dense than its counterpart.
Fold this describes the bending of rock layers due to stress at convergent boundaries
Seismograph an instrument used to measure seismic waves as they move through earth
Earthquakes the shaking of the earth that is caused by a release of energy due to the movement of tectonic plates
Archipelago a stretch of water scattered with a group of small islands
Richter Scale the scale scientists use to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Hotspot when hot magma breaks through the surface in the middle of a tectonic plate - the tectonic plate moves along the convection current over a stationary plume of magma - the Hawaiian Islands were formed this way
Tsunami a large wave of water that is produced as the result of an earthquake on the ocean floor
Divergent Boundary an area where two plate divide or pull away from one another
Convergent Boundary an area where two plates collide or come together
Transform Boundary an area where two plates scrape horizontally against one another
Upper Mantle the rigid layer of the mantle that is part of Earth's lithosphere
Volcano an opening in the Earth's crust through which molten magma and gases erupt
Epicenter the point on Earth's surface that is located directly above the focus of an earthquake
Focus the area beneath earth's surface where an earthquake starts - the initial release of energy before it reaches earth's surface
Pangaea the "supercontinent" first proposed by Wegener
Subduction Zones areas of subduction
Fault a break in the Earth's surface along a plate boundary - the San Andrea is an example
Oceanic Crust this type of crust is made of primarily Basalt and is the more dense than its counterpart
Composition what an object is made up of - its chemical make up
Lava melted rock at earth's surface
Magma melted rock below the surface of earth
Seafloor Spreading an area along ocean ridges where 2 plate boundaries are moving away from one another - magma fills in the gap here and new landmass is created
Continental - Continental Convergent Boundary where these boundaries meet, we typically see mountains formation,
Continental - Oceanic Convergent Boundary where these boundaries meet we see subduction occurring - this type of plate interaction is known for causing volcanoes
Oceanic - Oceanic Convergent Boundary where these boundaries meet, two plates of equal densities push one another downward - this causes a subduction zone - this type of plate interaction is known to cause oceanic trenches
Density how tightly compacted the molecules are in a substance - D=m/v
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