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Earth Science - Rock
Rock Cycle Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | naturally occurring, inorganic solid with crystal structure from a specific combination of atoms |
| luster | the way light shines off of the surface of a mineral can be metallic or non-metallic |
| hardness | resistance to scratching |
| mohs scale | measure of the hardness of minerals |
| igneous rock | formed from magma or lava |
| sedimentary rock | formed from compaction and cementation of sediments |
| metamorphic rock | formed from other rocks undergoing heat and pressure |
| rock cycle | represents the changes from one rock type to another in a constant cycle |
| weathering | breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces (sediments) |
| sediment | small rock fragments that make up sedimentary rocks |
| magma | melted rock material found underground |
| lava | melted rock material found above Earth's surface |
| cementation | the gluing together of sediments to form a solid rock |
| intrusive | igneous rock formed underground |
| extrusive | igneous rock formed above ground |
| foliated | metamorphic rock texture with a banded pattern |
| contact metamorphism | small area of rock is changed by localized heat and pressure |
| compaction | squeezing together of rock grains |
| deposition | dropping of transported rock grains |
| regional metamorphism | large-scale change due to heat from the center of the Earth and pressure from overlying rock |
| erosion | movement or transport of weathered rock material |
| coarse grain | description of igneous rock texture due to slow cooling of magma or lava |
| fine grain | description of igneous rock texture due to fast cooling of magma or lava |
| glassy | description of igneous rock texture due to almost instantaneous cooling of magma or lava, not allowing crystals to form Obsidian is the typical example |
| vesicular | description of igneous rock texture due to air bubbles forming in cooling lava Pumice is the typical exampl |
| felsic | description of igneous rock composition lighter colored minerals, lighter density |
| mafic | description of igneous rock composition darker colored minerals, higher density |
| granite | igneous rock felsic |
| basalt | igneous rock mafic |
| andesite | igneous rock intermediate composition |
| clastic | sedimentary rock made of large rock fragments |
| chemical | sedimentary rock formed from precipitation of minerals from solution |
| organic | sedimentary rock formed from shells of dead organisms (usually marine) |
| superposition | sedimentary rock oldest rocks on bottom, youngest rocks on top |
| ripple marks | sedimentary rock shows (marine) environment the rock formed in |
| mud cracks | sedimentary rock shows (dry) environment the rock formed in |
| fossils | sedimentary rock only type of rock that fossils will be found in |
| sandstone | sedimentary rock clastic |
| limestone | sedimentary rock organic |
| shale | sedimentary rock chemical |
| conglomerate | sedimentary rock clastic |
| metamorphism | change in form (in the case of rocks, due to heat and pressure) |
| nonfoliated | metamorphic rock texture with no banding |
| slate | metamorphic rock transformed from shale |
| gneiss | metamorphic rock with banding |
| marble | metamorphic rock transformed from limestone |
| schist | metamorphic rock |
Created by:
RYorkBio
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