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Anatom & Physiol
Basic Structure of the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of the form and structure of an organism |
| Physiology | Ths study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work |
| Pathophysiology | The study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes |
| Protoplasm | The basic substance of all life |
| Cell Membrane | The outer protective coveringof the cell; semipermeable: allows certain substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing the passage of other substances |
| Cytoplasm | a semi-fluid inside the cell that contains water, proteins, lipids, carbs, minerals, and fats. The site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell |
| Organelles | cell structures that help a cell to function |
| Nucleus | Often called the "brain" of the cell because it controls many cell activities and is important in cell division |
| Chromatin | Located in the nucleus and made of DNA and protein. During cell reproduction, the chromatin condenses; A human has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs |
| Centrosome | Located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus; Contains two(2) centrioles; Centrioles separate during mitosis and thin fibers form between them and attach to the chromosomes, which creates an even division of the chromosomes in the two(2) new cells |
| Mitochondria | rod-shaped organelles; often called the "powerhouses" of the cell because they break down carbs, proteins, and fats to produce ATP, the major energy source of the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | A stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm; This structure produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm. Allows for the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus, and also aids in the synthesis and storage of proteins |
| Rough ER | Contains ribosomes, which are the sites for protein synthesis (production) |
| Smooth ER | Does not contain Ribosomes and is not present in all cells; It assists with cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs |
| Lysosomes | Oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm. Contain digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials; important for the immune system |
| Pinocytic Vessels | Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane; Allow large molecules such as proteins and fats to enter the cell; When such molecules are inside the cell, the folds close to form vacuoles or bubbles in the cytoplasm |
| Mitosis | A form of asexual reproduction |
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JazminR
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