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8/24 Cell Biology
Lecture 2: Chapter 4 USDFall2018 Dr. Karen Koster
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 domains of life? | Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya |
| What are the 2 prokaryote branches? | Archaea and Bacteria |
| What are some characteristics of both archaea and baacteria? | few internal membranes, DNA is found in circular chromosomes, and nonhomoggenious |
| What are some characteristics of eukaryotic cells? | Compartments formed by internal membranes and DNA is in linear chromsomes |
| What are some limitations of cell size? | requirement for adequate surface area relative to volume, rates at which molecules can diffuse, need to maintain adequat local concentrations of substances required for necessary cellular functions |
| How is the need for local concentrations overcame in cells? | compartmentation to allow reactions that may be difficult in large open sapces |
| How is the rate at which molecules can diffuse in a cell overcome? | carier proteins in the cytoplasm, vesicle transport, and cytoplasmic streaming |
| Where is chromatin found? | in the nucleus |
| What is a nucleolus? | part of the chromatin specialized for assembly of ribosomes |
| What are nuclear pores? | channels that regulate passage through envelope |
| What domain of life has nucleus and organelles? | eukaryotes |
| What domain(s) of life have Actin/tublin like proteins? | All |
| What domain(s) of life go thorugh exocytosis and endocytosis? | Eukaryotes |
| What domain(s) of life have cell wall? | All (animals don't have cell wall) |
| What domain(s) of life use binary fission for cell division? | bacteria and archaea |
| What domain(s) of life use mitosis and meiosis? | Eukaryotes |
| What domain(s) have circular DNA? | bacteria, archaea |
| What domain(s) have linear DNA? | Eukaryotes |
| What domain(s) have 70S ribosomes? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| What domain(s) have 80s ribosomes? | Eukaryotes |
| What domain(s) of life have membrane phospholipids? | All |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | Scas/tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm and connect to outer membrane |
| What is the space within the ER? | lumen |
| What is the entire sac within the ER? | cisternae |
| What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? | rough ER has ribosomes that synthesize proteins |
| What is the function of the smooth ER? | breakdown and synthesize lipids |
| If you added ribosomes to smooth Er would it be rough? | No, because it still has its own function and the ribosomes wouldn't stick because the smooth ER doesn't have the proteins for them to attach. |
| What happens in the golgi apparatus? | proteins and lipids are modified here? |
| What is the golgi apparatus considered? | a shipping and receiving center |
| What is the golgi and ER together alled? | endomembrane system |
| What is a lysosome? | membrane vesicle in the animal cell that contians digestive enzymes |
| What are the ribosome sizes of Eukaryotes? | 80s |
| What are the ribosome sizes of Prokaryotes? | 70s |
| What is the function of ribosomes? | protein synthesis |
| What are microbodies? | small membrane-bound organelles that carry out oxidative reactions |
| What are peroxisomes? | makes peroxide tne detoxify (microbodies) |
| What are glyoxysomes? | convert oil to sucrose (used by some lipids0 |
| What is a mitochondria? | complex organelle with endosymbiotic origin from porokaryotic cell |
| What ribosomes are found in the mitochondria? | 70S |
| What is the main function of the mitochondria? | oxidize organic molecules to release energy for the rest of the cell basically converts energy |
| What is the size of a mitochondria? | .5 by 2 micrometers or 3 by 10 micrometers |
| Is plasma membrane the same as cell membrane? | nope |
| What is the membrane in Eukaryotes? | plasma membrane |
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