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BJU Space/Earth 8
BJU - Space and Earth Science - Chapter 8 (4th edition)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| volcano | A depositional mountain built from solidified molten rock coming from deep win the earth |
| igneous | A rock formed from solidified magma or lava |
| vent | An opening in the earth’s crust from which lava and gases can escape |
| lava | Liquid magma that has escaped from the earth’s interior |
| crater | In general, any distinct, roughly circular, walled depression in the earth’s surface; a depression at the top of a volcano containing the volcano’s main vent or caldera |
| pyroclastic material | Sharp, fragmented, solidified lava, including ash, cinders, tephra, and bombs |
| tephra | Deposits of loose pyroclastic materials and ash covering the ground |
| flood basalt | A thick layer of igneous rock that covers a large area of the earth’s surface; also called a basalt trap |
| shield volcano | A broad, flattened, dome-shaped volcano built up by successive quiet eruptions of runny lava |
| cinder cone | A small, steep-sided volcano made mainly of cinder-like pyroclastic materials |
| stratovolcano | Also called a composite volcano; a medium-sized volcano built up of deposits of lava from quiet eruptions alternating with layers of pyroclastic materials from explosive ones |
| active volcano | A volcano that is currently erupting or has been observed to erupt in historical times |
| dormant volcano | A complete volcano that has not been observed to erupt within historical times. Seismic activity beneath it may indicate it could erupt in the future. |
| extinct volcano | A volcano that has never erupted within historical times, shows no seismic activity, and is often heavily eroded |
| Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) | An intensity scale that rates a volcano’s destructiveness and explosive power on the amount of matterit ejects during an irruption |
| intrusive volcanism | Any process or feature that involved the forcible entry of magma into a pre-existing rock formation |
| pluton | An intrusive igneous feature that formed when a large volume of magma collected within a chamber in the earth’s crust, and then cooled and hardened |
| geothermal gradient | The rate that temperature rises with increasing depth into the earth’s interior |
| geyser | A hot spring that forcefully ejects hot water and steam from the ground at regular intervals |
| geothermal energy | Steam from groundwater heated by magma intrusions that can be harnessed to generate electrical power and heat |
Created by:
marchscience
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