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volcano michael v
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These waves are the second seismic waves to arrive at any particular location after an earthquake. They are also known as Secondary Waves. | Seismic Waves (S Waves) |
| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion. | P Waves |
| These waves move along the Earth’s surface and cause the largest ground movements and the most damage. | Surface Waves |
| An instrument that constantly records ground movements. | Seismograph |
| the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves produced by a seismograph. | Seismogram |
| The scale that measures the strength of an earthquake based on seismic waves and movement along a fault. | Richter Scale |
| A large water wave caused by an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. | tsunami |
| A smaller earthquake that follows a more powerful earthquake in the same area. | aftershock |
| : A process in which the shaking of ground causes loose, wet soil to act like a liquid. | liquefication |
| The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. | epicenter |
| In an earthquake, the point underground where the rocks first begin to move. | focus |
| : A fracture in Earth’s lithosphere along which blocks of rock move past each other. | fault |
| stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. | tension |
| A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. | stress |
| Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. | compression |
| molten material that flows from a volcano. | lava |
| The molten material that is called lava once it reaches the surface. | magma |
| an area where material from deep within Earth’s mantle rises to the crust and melts to form magma. | hot spots |
| the long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface. | pipe |
| the opening where the molten rock and gas leave the volcano. | vent |
| a natural pool where groundwater heated by magma rises to the surface and collects. | Hot Spring |
| a hot spring in which water intermittently boils, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air. | geyser |
| how fluid, or runny the magma is. | viscosity |
| A major ingredient of magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon. | silica |
| : a mixture of hot gases, ash, and bombs that flow down the sides of a volcano when it erupts explosively. | pyroclastic flow |
| Lava explodes out of the volcano and hardens to form ash, cinders, and bombs that build up around the vent forming a steep, cone-shaped hill, or small mountain. | cinder cone volcano |
| : Lava flows alternative with explosive eruptions of ash, cinders, and bombs to form a tall, cone-shaped mountain. | composite cone volcano |
| Thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers to build a wide, gently sloping mountain | shield cone volcano |
| Where do volcanoes form? | plate boundaries where the crust is weak and it fractures, which allows for the magma to reach Earth’s surface. |
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