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Biology Lab Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contrast | The degree to which image details stand out against their background |
| Magnification | The amount that the image of an object is enlarged. |
| field of view | circle of light you see when looking into the microscope |
| resolving power | The extent to which object detail in an image is preserved during the magnifying process. |
| parfocal | image remains in coarse focus |
| parcentral | center of field of view remains the same for each objective. |
| depth of field | distance through which you can move the specimen and still have it remain in focus. |
| Macromolecule | large organic materials of which all cells are made. |
| carbohydrate | simple sugar or a larger molecule composed of multiple sugar units. |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecules |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharides joined together |
| polysaccharide | more than two monosaccharides bonded together |
| lipid | oily or greasy compounds insoluble in water, but dissolvable in non-polar solvents. |
| Protein | enzymes as well as structural components of bones, muscle, hair, fingernails. |
| 3 Principles of Cell Theory | 1.All organisms are composed of cells 2.The cell is the basic living unit of organization 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells. |
| Prokaryotic | cells without a nucleus. (Bacteria) |
| Eukaryotic | cells with a nucleus (plant, animal) |
| nucleus | a double membrane-bounded compartment within the cytoplasm |
| organelle | membrane-bounded compartments specialized to perform specific functions. |
| 3 bacterial shapes | 1.coccus 2.bacillus 3.spirillum |
| What 3 structural features do all eukaryotic cells share? | 1.plasma membrane 2.dna 3.cytoplasm |
| plasma membrane | boundary of all living material |
| cytoplasm | everything within the plasma membrane that is not part of the DNA region. |
| DNA | stores genetic information |
| Solvent | dissolving medium |
| solute | dissolved substance |
| solution | combination of solvent and solute |
| selective permeability | allowing some substances to move easily while completely excluding others. |
| diffusion | the movement of solute molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. |
| osmosis | movement of water across selectively permeable membranes. |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration of like molecules in two regions |
| equilibrium | the concentration of solvent and solute molecules becomes equally distributed. |
| turgid | water moves into cell creating turgor pressure which presses cytoplasm against the cell wall. |
| plasmolysis | cell losing water causing wilting |
| catalyst | lowers the amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur |
| enzyme-substrate complex | substrate and enzyme reacting together |
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