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Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of reproduction that creates identical offspring? | asexual |
| What process produces non-identical gametes? | meiosis |
| Genetic variability is created by genetic recombination and independent assortment during meiosis and what? | mutations |
| What type of reproduction leads to genetic variability? | sexual reproduction |
| Gametes produced through meiosis are not identical because of independent assortment AND what process? | crossing over (genetic recombination) |
| A beneficial one of these can lead to a new allele for a gene. A harmful one of these often leads to genetic defects and death | mutations |
| If a population is at a genetic equilibrium (gene frequencies remain the same) then evolution is or is not occurring? | is NOT. |
| If natural selection is favoring a particular form of a trait and non of the other forms (black color only) then what type of selection is most likely occurring? | directional |
| If a population is undergoing evolution then the frequency of genes is changing or not changing? | changing |
| If a population is stable with 30% black and 70% brown, the population is in what? | genetic equilibrium. |
| If natural selection is favoring two extreme forms of a trait (black and white but not brown), what type of selection is most likely occurring? | disruptive |
| If natural selection is favoring the most common form of a trait then what type of selection is most likely occurring? | stabilizing |
| What is an anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species. It may have performed some important function in the organism at one point in the past. | Vestigial structure |
| What is an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor. | homologous structure |
| What is an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment | Fitness |
| What is a beneficial mutation that increases and organism's fitness | adaptation |
| What is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance | genetic drift |
| What fields provide support for common ancestry? | Genetic data, embryology anatomy and paleontology. |
| What is reproductive isolation? | The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to behavioral and physiological barriers or differences. |
| What is geographic isolation? | A population of organisms that is separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species by a physical barrier. A common way for speciation to begin. This is called allopatric speciation. |
| What is a species? | a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| What is speciation? | The process of one species giving rise to another |
| What is gene flow? | the movement of alleles in and out of a population (migration) |
| Natural selection requires what four things? | overproduction, competition, genetic variation, and differential reproduction/survival. |
| What is microevolution? | The change in allele frequencies within a species. |
| What are the eight characteristics of living things? | chemical uniqueness, complexity/hierarchical organization, reproduction, a genetic program, metabolism, development, environmental interaction and movement. |
| What is evolution? | a change in a population's genetic make-up that takes place over many generations. |
| What is a gene pool? | all the alleles of a population's genes. |
| What is allelic frequency? | the percentage of any specific allele in a gene pool. |
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