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Chpt 1-Cell Biology
Chapter 1: A Preview of Cell Biology USDFall2018 Dr. Koster
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the basic unit of biology? | The cell |
| What did Hooke do in 1665? | He coined "cells" |
| How did Hooke coin the term "cells"? | By looking at a cork and seeing the cell walls of dead plant tissue |
| Who was Antonie van Leuwenhoek? | He advanced the microscope and was the first to view living cells |
| What did van Leuwenhoek view? | the first living cells: Blook, sperm, bacteria, and 1 celled organisms |
| What were the two factors restricting advancement in microscopes? | Limited resolution(resolving power) and the restricted descriptive nature of 17th century biology |
| Define Resolving power. | The ability to see fine details |
| What happened in the 1830s? | Able to see structures 1 micrometer in size |
| Who was Robert Brown? | Found that plant cells have a "nucleus" |
| What are the 3 main points of cell theory? | 1. All organisms consit of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unt of structure for all organisms 3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells |
| What was the first strand of cell biology? | cytology |
| Define Cytology. | Study of cells and their structures |
| When did cytology first come about? | 3 centuries ago thanks to light microscopes |
| What is the nanometer (nm)? | Unit of choice for molecules and subcellular structures too small to be seen using a light microscope |
| In comparison to a meter, how big is a nm? | one-billionth of a meter (10^-9) |
| How many nanometers in a micrometer? | 1 micrometer=1000nm |
| What is the diameter of a robosome? | 25-30 nm |
| What is an Angstrom? | smaller than a nm |
| What is an Angstrom used to measure? | demensions within proteins and DNA molecules |
| What does 1 Angstrom equal? | 0.1 nm; about the size of a hydrogen atom |
| What should you use to view eukaryotic cells? | light microscope |
| What should be used to view a nucleus? | light microscope |
| What should be used to view mitochondria and chloroplasts? | light microscope |
| What is the limit of resolution? | how far apart adjacent objects must be to appear as separate entitites |
| What is resolving power? | ability to see fine details |
| A small limit of resolution means a ________ resolving power. | large |
| What is brightfield microscopy? | white light being passed directly through a speciment that is either stained or unstained and the background is illuminated |
| What are the limitations of brightfield microscopy? | the specimens often msut be chemically fixed and are no longer alize |
| What is phase-contrast and differnetial interference contrast microscopy? | made viewing living cells possible |
| What is phase of light? | prcise positions of maxima nad minima as light traveles |
Created by:
kenzigustafson
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