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Hearing Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pinna | external ear |
| External canal | S-shaped; lined w/ cerumen glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles |
| Tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| Cerumen | wax; protects eardrum & middle ear |
| Mastoid proves | bony ridge over temporal bone & behind pinna |
| Epitympanum | in middle ear, contains malleus, incus, stapes |
| Malleus | hammer |
| Eustachian tube | pressure equalization & fluid drainage |
| Semicircular canals | maintains balance |
| Cochlea | spiral organ of hearing; contains scala tympani & scala vestibuli |
| Endolymph location | scala media (duct of cochlea) |
| Perilymph location | scala tympani & vestibule |
| Purpose of lymph | allow cochlea & semicircular canals to float |
| Decibel | loudness |
| Masking | hiding sound from one ear to test the other ear |
| Otitis media | middle ear infection/inflammation |
| Otosclerosis | spongy bone formation around middle/inner ear structures; results in low-tone hearing loss |
| Ototoxic | damaging to hearing structures |
| Presbycusis | age-related decrease in hearing acuity |
| Sensorineural | hearing loss from neural defects |
| Spondee | words of 2 syllables with equal stress during pronunciation |
| Vestibular | Functions of ear for sense of balance/position |
| Organ of corti | Receptor end-organ of hearing |
| Path of sound waves | Waves through air -> strike mastoid & movable eardrum -> malleus -> incus -> stapes -> cochlea receptors (transduce vibration into action potentials) -> CN VIII -> brain |
| Conductive hearing loss | result of physical disruption in sound wave transmission |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | result of defective cochlea, CN VIII, or brain; loud noises may result in this |
| Mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss | profound hearing loss |
| Voice test | hearing acuity; stand 1-2ft away, whisper statement, ask client to repeat |
| Watch test | high-frequency acuity; hold ticking watch 5” from client |
| Audioscopy | hearing measurement |
| Tuning fork test | hearing acuity |
| CT | reveals structures of ear in great detail; dx acoustic tumors |
| MRI | boney artifacts cannot obscure tissue; greater sensitivity to soft-tissue changes |
| ABR (auditory brainstem-evoked response) | helps dx conductive & sensorineural hearing loss in unreliable pt or pt unable to indicate sound recognition |
| ENG (Electronystagmography) | detects central & peripheral disease of vestibular system by detecting nystagmus |
| Caloric testing | eval inner ear portion of auditory nerve by infusing warmer/cooler water; normal response is vertigo & nystagmus w/in 20-30 sec |
| Dix-Hallpike test for vertigo | detects positional vertigo; assist client to sitting position; quickly reposition to supine with head extending beyond table; burst of nystagmus is a positive result |
| Audiometry | hearing acuity test; assesses frequency, intensity, and threshold |
| Air-conduction test | detects normal hearing and hearing loss |
| Bone-conduction test | differentiates between conduction & sensorineural loss; indicated if hearing loss is detected with air-conduction test |
| Pure-tone audiometry | tones produced by audiometer; performed by air/bone-conduction test |
| Speech audiometry | hearing measured through microphone connected to audiometer; 2 components are speech reception threshold & speech discrimination |
| Speech reception threshold | minimum loudness for client to repeat simple words; spondee commonly used |
| Speech discrimination | detects ability to discriminate among similar sounds/words containing similar sounds |
| Ability to understand speech | Most important measurable aspect of human hearing |
| Tympanometry | Assesses mobility of eardrum & middle ear structures; used to distinguish middle-ear pathological conditions, assessing patency of Eustachian tube, & check for return of middle ear function s/p surgery |
Created by:
jlee12406
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