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Biology exam #1
MRA 1ST 9 WEEKS Biology exam #1-NEELY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The work of scientists usually begins with | careful observations |
| If an atom contains 11 protons , 12 neutrons | atomic number is 11. |
| Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a 2 week period results. | data |
| You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. | his is an hypothesis |
| A hypothesis may be disproved by | a single experiment |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of how scientists work | guessing |
| When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a | theory |
| A theory can be | revised or replaced |
| Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allow cells | to perform different function |
| Biology | is the study of the living world |
| What is NOT a characteristic of all living things? | Ability to move |
| What characteristic of living things best explains why birds fly south in the winter? | Living things respond to their environement. |
| A substance with a PH of 6 is called | acid |
| What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? | chemical reaction |
| The amount of light and temperature are examples of | factors to which living things respond. |
| The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is called | homeostasis |
| In chemical reactions, atoms are | rearranged |
| What is the term for the land, water and air on Earth? | Biosphere. |
| What is the term for a group of organisms of one type living in the same place.. | Population. |
| Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water: are | bases |
| Which level of organization includes all the other levels: | ecosystem |
| To observe a small, living organism, a scientist might use: | a compound light microscope. |
| A compound light microscope: can magnify objects | up to about 1000 times. |
| What is the best reason for using a scanning electron microscope? . | Ability to see 3-D images of the surfaces of objects. |
| An instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses a lenses to form an image is | compound light microscope. |
| The 3 particles that make up atoms are | protons, neutrons and electrons. |
| The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains | electrons |
| The nucleus is made up of: | protons and neutrons. |
| Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the | same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. |
| What is a use of radioactive isotopes: | It can determine the ages of rocks and fossils It can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that causes food to spoil |
| If an atom contains 11 protons , 12 neutrons , it atomic number is | 11 |
| What describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions? | Compound. |
| What makes up a molecule of water? | 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen. |
| What statement about a compound is true: | The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. |
| A covalent bond | is formed as the result of sharing an electron pair |
| What type of electron is available to form bonds? | Valence. |
| Ice floats on water because water expands when it | freezes |
| A substance with a PH of 6 is called | acid |
| .What type of ions forms when an atom loses electrons? | Positive |
| Water molecules are polar with the oxygen side being | slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive |
| When salt is dissolved in water, water | the solvent |
| A substance with a PH of 6 is called | acid |
| In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by wrapping tightly around | associated proteins. |
| Which of the following is not a stage of cellular respiration | fermentation. |
| Which of the following passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain | NADH and FADH2 |
| Cellular Respiration | releases energy by breaking down food molecules |
| The 2 main types of fermentation are called | alcoholic and lactic acid |
| Lactic acid fermentation occurs in | muscle cells. |
| Which of these is a product of cellular respiration | a. oxygen b. glucose c. water d. all of the above |
| Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle | G2 phase, G1 phase, S phase or all of the above. |
| Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires | - oxygen. |
| Which of the following is released in cellular respiration | a. air b. lactic acid c. energy d. oxygen |
| A typical human cell contains | 46 chromosomes. |
| After mitosis and cell division each of the two new cells formed from the original cell = gets a complete set of = | 46 chromosomes |
| What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration = | Glucose and oxygen. |
| During which phase of mitosis are structures like the one shown in the figure below visible | = Prophase and metaphase(hey mckenzie… the drawing looks like an X and the very center has an A and the right lower leg of the X has a B. |
| The structures labeled B in the figure are called | sister chromatids. |
| The structures labeled A in the figure are called | centromere ( think of center-hint from Mrs. Elizabeth) |
| One cause of muscle soreness is . | lactic acid fermentation |
| Breathing heavily after running a race is your bodies way of | repaying an oxygen debt. |
| Which pair is correct | G2 phase, preparation for mitosis |
| Which of the following is not a product of glycolosis? | glucose |
| During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell? | Metaphase |
| Cell division is represented by the letter | D. |
| 35. Which of these is the correct sequence of events? | Glycolosis-Krebs cycle-electron transport |
| Which event occurs during Interphase? | The cell grows. |
| The Krebs cycle starts with purivic acid and yields | carbon dioxide. |
| 22. A diploid cell is one that | a) has chromosomes found in pairs. B) has two homologous for each chromosome c0 is represented by 2n, D) all of the above. |
| Binary fission | is the process by which bacteria reproduce. |
| In Eukaryotes electron transport occurs in the | mitochondrian |
| Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce- | 38 ATPs |
| Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle- | interphase consist of the G2, G1 and S phase. |
| The two main stages of cell division are called – | cytokinises and mitosis |
| Chromatids are | joined strands of duplicated genetic material. |
| The chromosome of a bacterium | has a circular shape. |
| During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having 4 chromosomes will produce daughter cells, | each containing - = 4 chromosomes. |
| In the presence of oxygen, glycolosis is followed by | Krebs cycle. |
| Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm | glycolosis |
| Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What is the role of the spindle during mitosis? | It helps separate the chromosomes |
| The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is | –pyruvic acid |
| The process by which a cell divides is called | cell division |
| The diploid number of chromosomes in the human body is | 46 |
| The number of chromosomes found in an ovum is | 23 |
| The starting molecule for glycolosis is | glucose |
| Nonpolar molecules have | no negative or positive poles. |
| A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a | polar molecule. |
| Water is important to life because | it surrounds all cells, is found inside cells, and influences the shape of the cell membrane. |
| Water is a polar molecule because different parts of the molecule have | slightly different charges. |
| All organic compounds contain the element | Carbon. |
| Which 3 elements are often found in organic compounds? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. |
| Carbon is different from other elements in that it | readily bonds with other carbon atoms. |
| The formation of ADP, an inorganic phosphate from ATP or water is an example of which kind of reaction? | Hydrolysis. |
| Sucrose | is a carbohydrate. |
| Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate? | Sugar. |
| Animals store glucose containing fragments in the form of | glycogen. |
| Polysaccharides are | carbohydrates. |
| Amino acids | are monomers of proteins. |
| Which organic molecule is most closely related to proteins? | Amino acids. |
| All of the following are examples of lipids except | starches. |
| Which organic molecule below is most closely related to lipids? | Ch02 chains. |
| Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule? | Ice. |
| Which organic molecule below is most closely related to nucleic acids? | Nucleotides. |
| Nucleic acids include | DNA & RNA. |
| A monosaccharide is a | carbohydrate. |
| Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things? | Carbohydrates. |
| Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by | changing the speed of the reaction. |
| When the volume of a cell increases its surface area | increases at a slower rate. |
| One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes | have no nuclear membrane. |
| Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? | Bacterium. |
| Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound | organelles. |
| The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the | cell membrane. |
| The cell membrane | encloses the contents of a cell, allows material to enter and leave the cell, and is selectively permeable. |
| A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called an | organelle. |
| A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of | mitochondria. |
| In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced? | The mitochondrion. |
| Proteins are made in cells in the | ribosomes. |
| The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the | golgi apparatus. |
| The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the | nuclear envelope. |
| Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structure in living things from simplest to most complex? | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. |
| Long chains of amino acids are found in | proteins. |
| The sun | is the source of energy for life on Earth because: Either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all the other organisms on Earth. |
| Light reactions : | thylakoids :: |
| Dark reactions : | Stroma |
| Which of the following does not expend energy? | Diffusion |
| Energy is required for a variety of life processes including | Growth and Reproduction, Movement, Transport of certain materials across the |
| The sodium potassium pump usually pumps | potassium into the cell. |
| Channels utilizing facilitated diffusion work in | two directions. |
| An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes | water to move into the cell. |
| A granum is a stack of | thylakoids. |
| Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is the | sun. |
| The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is | water. |
| All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to | carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
| The Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis can occur in both light and dark conditions, requires | ATP & NADPH, and generates glucose. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of facilitated diffusion? | It moves substances against a concentration gradient. |
| The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as | photosynthesis. |
| Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reactions are | ATP & NADPH. |
| As a result of photosynthesis, our atmosphere is now rich in | oxygen gas. |
| Energy is released from ATP when a | phosphate group is removed. |
| Diffusion takes place from an area of | high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, | they enter an electron transport chain. |
| The Calvin Cycle takes place in the | stroma. |
| As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances eventually becomes balanced | on both sides of a membrane. |
| If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to its production of high energy sugars? | No sugars will be produced |
| Heterotrophs | are organisms that can consume other organisms for energy. |
| Molecules that are too large to be moved across the cell membrane can be removed from the cell by | exocytosis. |
| Endocytosis : exocytosis :: cold : hot. | |
| Which of the following enters a cell by active transport? | Potassium ion. |
| What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a phase of light? | Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level. |
| Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by | endocytosis. |
| Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are stacks of thylakoids called | grana. |
| Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called | exocytosis. |
| The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called | osmosis. |
| NADP is important in photosynthesis because it carries hydrogen atoms and energy for producing | organic molecules. |
| What are the products of the light dependant reactions? | Oxygen, NADPH, and ATP |
| Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis? | Pigments in photosystem II absorb light. |
| Diffusion | occurs because molecules constantly move and collide with one another. |
| Proton pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for providing the energy to produce | ATP molecules. |
| During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is the | Calvin Cycle. |
| The electrons of photosystem I are eventually replaced by electrons from | photosystem II. |
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