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evol. psy307Ch13p414
evol. psy307Ch13p414-121
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| selection favors mechanisms that cause individuals to | seek niches in which the competition is less intense |
| women will achieve more success by courting (high status polygamous man) | males outside the arenas in which competition is keenest (lower status monogamous man) |
| firstborns occupy a niche characterized by (resist scientific revolutions) | strong identification with parents and authority figures |
| later-borns have less to gain from authority identification, developing (strong advocates of scientific revolutions) | greater rebelliousness, less conscientiousness, and more openness to experience |
| proclivity toward aggression may not be directly inheritable but "reactively heritable" in the sense that | consequence of heritable body build activate species-typical mechanisms of self-assessment and decision making |
| "reactively heritable" (Tooby & Cosmides) wrt aggression or sexual strategy | evolved psychological mechanisms designed to take as input heritable qualities as a guide to strategic solutions |
| evolved psychological mechanisms may also be attuned to self-evaluation as well as being attuned to | recurrent features of the external world |
| dominant facial appearance predicted | cumulative coital experience |
| strength and attractiveness facilitate | the success of extraverted social strategies (raising status, multiple sex partners) |
| directional selection tends to use up heritable variation | eventually resulting in species-typical adaptations with little or no heritable variation except for frequency-dependent selection |
| frequency-dependent selection requires that | the payoff of each strategy decreases as its frequency increases |
| bluegill sunfish frequency-dependent mating strategies | parental (guards nest), sneak (access eggs by avoiding detection), mimic (access eggs by mimicking female form) |
| frequency-dependent psychopathy theory (Linda Mealey) | psychopaths cheating causes decreases in average payoff of psychopath strategy (adaptions evolve to detect and punish cheaters) |
| psychopathic men (4%) tend to be more sexually precocious, have predatory memory (good at iding victims) | have sex with more people, more illegitimate children, more likely to separate from wives, use more sexual coercion and rape |
| K-factor clustering (A. J. Figueredo): High K-factor shows early attachment of biological father | long-term mating strategy, high cooperativeness, and low risk taking |
| Low K-factor is marked by low levels of attatchment | high Machiavellianism, high risk taking, high impulsivity, defection from cooperative relationships, short-term mating |
| frequency-dependence scores show extraversion benefits | high short-term mating success. establishment of more social allies and proclivity to explore one's environment |
| frequency-dependence scores show extraversion costs | increased physical risks and family instability (higher divorce rates) |
| frequency-dependence scores show conscientiousness benefits | status attainment, higher life expectancy and family stability |
| frequency-dependence scores show conscientiousness costs | delaying gratification and foregoing short-term sexual opportunities |
| costs and benefits of various personality traits means | selection can favor and maintain genetic diversity within the population |
| individual differences may result from early environmental experiences, | different environments in adulthood, alternative niche picking, frequency dependent selection, random genetic variation |
| clinical psychology offers heuristic rules for mental illness | subjective distress, bizarreness, social harmfulness, inefficiency |
| evolutionary psychology explicit principles | for identifying presence of a disorder |
| dysfunction occurs when the mechanism is | not performing as it was designed to perform in the contexts in which it was designed to function (ex. no blood clotting) |
| ways evolved mechanisms can fail | not activated by problem context, activated by wrong context, not coordinating with other mechanisms |
| causes of mechanism failure | genetic or developmental insults (mutation, brain injury) or a combination |
| heavy mutation load can cause brain abnormalities, disrupting evolved psychological mechanisms | autism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and mild mental retardation |
| problems erroneously thought to be dysfunctions | discrepancy between ancestral and modern environments, normal average function mistakes, normal function distress |
| increase of hot female images since EEA (anorexia, bulimia, depression) | may artificially lower women's judgments of the mate or potential mate value relative to local mate pool |
| normal mistakes accompanying the "on average" functioning of a mechanism | inferring sexual intent when none is there |
| subjective distress produced by the normal operation of functional mechanisms | depression (sadness, crying) |
| depression as a reliable effect of the experience of loss and thus motivates new paths to solving adaptive problems | deflates blind optimism, signals family, friends, or romantic partners that elicits investment, care and helping |
| sadness motivates | avoiding future losses |
| crying gives an | emotional signal to others designed to solicit help |
| anxiety keeps us (stress costly, but evolutionarily speaking one death avoided worth many false alarms) | cautious and attentive to the possibility of physical or social harm |
| panic attacks occur | in wide open spaces, unaccompanied and far from home, where intense fear has occurred before |
| panic disorder | faulty regulation of panic |
| socially undesirable behavior produced by the normal operation of functional mechanisms | psychopathy, child abuse and neglect, |
| psychopaths (mechanisms designed to promote cheating in specific ancestral contexts | disregard societal norms regulating cooperative reciprocity (changes in plans, charm, high mobility, promiscuity, aliases) |
| child abuse and neglect, infanticide | reduce the investment of resources in non-relatives (especially step parents) |
| evolutionizing clinical psychology (properly understanding the design of mental disorders) | helps treat source, not just masking the symptoms (ex. Prozac for depression or anxiety), may interfere with sexual function |
Created by:
james22222222
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