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BIO 140 test 3
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | raising crops and livestock for human use and consumption |
| cropland | land used to raise plants for human use |
| rangeland | land used for grazing livestock |
| traditional agriculture | practiced in the developing world, old ways, using animals, more hands on |
| industrialized agriculture | synthetic fertilizers, less people more machinery, intensified irrigation |
| soil | nutrients, micro organisms, gases, water, organic and mineral matter |
| parent material | base geological material such as rock, lava/volcanic ash |
| bedrock | mass of solid rock, makes up Earth's crust |
| weathering | physical, chemical and biological processes that turn large rock particles into smaller |
| horizon O | organic (litter layer, leaf/sticks) |
| horizon A | topsoil (most important layer) |
| horizon E | eluviated (leaching layer) |
| horizon B | subsoil (not as important as topsoil |
| horizon C | weathered parent material just broken down |
| horizon R | rock (parent material) |
| soil profile | layers of the earth-o,a,e,b,c,and r |
| erosion | removal of material from one place to another |
| deposition | arrival of eroded material (piling up) |
| desertification | loss of more that 10% productivity due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, overgrazing, drought,etc. |
| Dust Bowl | "black blizzards", the most affected region of the southern Great Plains caused by drought and poor agricutltural practices |
| crop rotation | farmers alternate crops, can return nutrients to the soil, minimize erosion and break disease cycles |
| contour farming | reduces erosion on hillsides |
| terracing | minimizes erosion in steep mountains |
| Intercropping | planting different types of crops between one another |
| Shelterbelts | wind breaks-help to reduce erosion |
| no-till farming | agriculture that does not involve tilling or plowing |
| irrigation | artificial watering of crops |
| waterlogging | plants roots are bathed in water and they suffocate |
| salinization | salts in topsoil through evaporation |
| inorganic fertilizers | synthetic fertilizers |
| organic fertilizers | natural,compost..remains or wastes of organisms |
| overgrazing | too many animals eat too much of the plant cover |
| undernourishment | receiving too few calories |
| malnutrition | receiving too few nutrients |
| overnutrition | too many calories per day |
| food security | adequate food supply for all people |
| monoculture | uniform planting of a single crop |
| polyculture | planting of multiple crops |
| green revolution | desire for greater quantity and quality of food-increase output-industrialized |
| pests | organism that damages crops |
| pesticides | poisons that kill pests |
| insecticides | chemicals that kill insects |
| herbicides | chemicals that kill plants |
| fungicides | chemicals that kill fungi |
| biological control | battle of pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them |
| pollination | sexual reproduction of plants |
| genetic engineering | scientists manipulate organisms' genetic material |
| genetically modified organisms | organisms that have been genetically engineered |
| recombinant DNA | material patched back together from the DNA of different materials |
| biotechnology | application of science to improve something |
| transgenic organisms | contains genes/DNA from another species |
| seed banks | store or preserve parent seed-original stock |
| feedlots | animals living at very high densities |
| aquaculture | raising fish and shellfish in controlled environments/fish farms |
| sustainable agriculture | does not deplete soils faster than they form/maintains the clean water/long term crop and livestock production |
| organic agriculture | biological approaches to growing food |
| community supported agriculture | farmers are paid in advance for a share of their yield |
Created by:
kerinv
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