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evol. psy307Ch13p389
evol. psy307Ch13p389-398
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolutionary psychology gives insights into | cognitive, social, developmental, personality, clinical and cultural psychology |
| psychology could be better organized around | the adaptive problems humans have faced |
| cognitive psychologists study | how the mind processes information |
| social psychologists study | interpersonal interactions and relationships |
| developmental psychologists study | how humans change psychologically throughout their life spans |
| personality psychologists study | differences between people and human nature |
| cultural psychologists study | differences between different cultures |
| clinical psychologists study | ways the mind malfunctions |
| because only evolution by selection is capable of generating complex cognitive design | only evolutionary psychology can integrate psychology's dsiciplines |
| psychological mechanisms entail | information-processing devices tailored to solving adaptive problems |
| cognitive psychologists (contrary to evolutionary theorists) tend to assume | cognitive architecture is general purpose and content free (mate, food, habitat selection information devices are the same) |
| evolutionary theorists tend to assume | each mechanism is tailored to solving a different adaptive problem |
| cognitive psychologists tend to select stimuli (triangles, squares, circles, nonsense syllables; not kin, mates, enemies, food) | by ease of presentation and experimental manipulability to avoid contamination of results |
| using artificial stimuli makes less sense if cognitive mechanisms | are specialized to process information about particular tasks |
| major problems with general processing mechanisms | successful adaption differs between domains, combinatorial explosion of general mechanisms |
| functional agnosticism is a core assumption of cognitive psycholgy | information-processing mechanisms can be studied without understanding the adaptive problems they were designed to solve |
| evolutionary psychological assumptions | evolved developmental programs produced in EEA, specialized to solve adaptive problems such as mate, language, cooperation |
| computational theories involve info-processing devices | designed to solve problems. by their structure, what and why problem designed |
| computational theories constrain what is an acceptable solution to how organisms actually solve problems | adaptive problem must have been a recurrent feature of human ancestral environments |
| human attention and memory are extremely selective, designed to notice, store, and retrieve information | that has the most importance for solving adaptive problems |
| key news themes | death, murder, assault, robbery, reputation, heroism, altruism, marital problems, offspring harm, destitution, rape or sex assault |
| human memory should be especially sensitive to content relevant to | evolutionary fitness (survival, food, predators, shelter and reproduction) |
| rating the item's relevance in the survival scenario produced better recall performance than | any well-known memory enhancing techniques (imaging, autobiographical memory and intentional learning) |
| evolved memory systems (James Nairne) should be | domain specific, sensitive to content involving survival or reproduction (survival processing one of best encoding procedures |
| women remember more emotional cues (40/24%) and men | remember more sexual cues (42/29%) to infidelity |
| attention and memory are designed to notice and retrieve information that is | most relevant to solving the particular problems they face |
| base-rate fallacy | ignore base rate information when presented with compelling individuating information |
| conjunction fallacy | ignoring logic and going with what seems obvious (lawyer vs feminist lawyer) |
| ecological rationality | evolved mechanisms containing design features that utilize ecological structure to facilitate adaptive problem solving |
| ecological structure | statistical regularities of human environment over evolutionary time |
| evolutionary content-specific mechanisms | capitalize on the recurring statistical regularities associated with human environmental problems |
| human adaptive problem solving | specific goal, materials at hand, context of embedded problem |
| what matters to selection is | what works to get reproductive success |
| evaluating human judgment should take into account which | adaptive problems human cognitive mechanisms evolved to solve |
| many research programs require participants to | make judgments based on a single event, rare or non-existent in the Pleistocene era (no 35% pregnant women) |
| the human mind may have been well designed to record | frequencies of events (how many times did I find berries) |
| frequency hypothesis | human reasoning mechanisms are designed to take as input frequency information and produce output frequency information |
| some advantages of operating on frequentist representations | preserve number of events judgment based, update database when new information encountered, construct new reference classes encountered as needed |
Created by:
james22222222
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