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GI Tract Illnesses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is absorption | transfer of nutrients from the intestine into the blood |
| what is peristalsis | movement of food substances along the intestinal tract by wavelike motions of involuntary muscles |
| what is metabolism | sum of all the many physical and chemical processes concerned with the disposition of nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream |
| what is anabolism | metabolic activities involving the synthesis of substances needed to build, maintain and repair body tissues |
| what is catabolism | the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules so that energy is available |
| Diagnostic test: Upper GI (UGI) is completed how | x-ray with fluoroscopy to locate obstruction, ulceration or growth in esophagus, stomach and duodenum |
| Diagnostic test: Barium Enema (BE) is completed how | x-ray exam of colon using fluoroscopy |
| Diagnostic test: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is completed how | visualized esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted tube to detect tumor, ulceration or obstruction |
| Diagnostic test: sigmoidoscopy aka proctoscopy is | an exam of the lining of the rectum and sigmoid colon to detect polyps, tumor, or ulceration |
| Diagnostic test: colonoscopy is | a direct visualization of the lining of the colon with a flexible endoscope |
| Diagnostic test: fecal analysis (stool sample) is an | analysis for presence of mucus, elevated fat content, blood, bacteria or parasites (O&P = ova and parasites) |
| Anorexia Nervosa is | a disorder in which the patient is preoccupied with eating, but had a morbid fear of becoming fat. Also uses excessive exercise to remain thin, can lead to starvation |
| Obesity is | when a patients weight is 20% above the ideal weight |
| Stomatitis is | inflammation of the oral mucosa; caused by poorly fitted dentures, excessive tobacco or alcohol, poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, pathogens, radiation and drug therapy |
| Vincent's infection is | (thresh mouth) bacterial infection that causes bleeding ulcers, metallic taste in mouth, foul breath, and increase salivation |
| aphthous stomatitis (canker sore) is | a viral infection characterized by ulcers of the lips and mouth that recur at intevals |
| candida albicans is | yeast-like fungus causing the oral condition thrush or candidiasis, bluish white lesions on the mucosa membranes of the mouth; steroid and antibiotic use increase risk |
| Dental caries is | a destructive process of tooth decay beginning with the presence of plaque |
| Peridontal disease | begins with gingivitis and progresses to involve the other supporting structures of the teeth, it results from poor oral hygiene, poor general health, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies |
| Types of oral cancer | squamous cell carcinoma - lips, buccal mucosa, gums, floor of mouth, tonsils and tongue. basal cell carcinoma - lips. leukoplakia - precancerous, hard white patches in the mouth. |
| Oral Cancer post-op nursing inventions | consult PCP for specific oral care orders, take tympanic or rectal temp, oral rinse 1/2 strength H202 and saline, monitor respirations pain and I&O, devise system for communication. |
| Hiatal hernia is | A condition in which the upper part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm. |
| predisposing factors of hiatal hernia | obesity, pregnancy, gender, age, long-term bedrest (60+ in age, women more than men) |
| how to diagnose a hiatal hernia | barium swallow, esophagoscopy, esophageal manometry and CT scan |
| Hiatal hernia nursing care | HOB elevated, upright during and after meals, encourage weight loss, avoid GI stimulants (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) avoid valsulva maneuver, prevent reflux |
| Gastritis is | an acute or chronic inflammation of the mucus membrane lining of the stomach |
| Gastritis is caused by | H. pylori, excessive alcohol intake, ingestion of contaminated food, medications (ASA, NSAIDs, steroids) stress |
| Acute treatment of Gastritis is | NPO, meds to decrease peristalsis, relative nausea, decease acidity and analgesics |
| chronic treatment of gastritis is | diet control, pain control and oral antacids |
| peptic ulcer is | an ulceration with loss of tissue in the upper GI tract, includes both duodenal and gastric ulcers |
| how does a peptic ulcer develop | when mucosa cannot protect itself from corrosive substances, i.e. gastric acid, pepsinogen alcohol, bile, irritating foods |
| common causes of a peptic ulcer include: | helicobacter pylori (H.hylori), caffeine, smoking, stress, spicy foods, & medications |
| how are peptic ulcers diagnosed: | barium swallow, gastroscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| peptic ulcer complications: | hemorrhage; perforation; obstruction |
| treatment of peptic ulcer | antacids; antisecretory - suppress acid secretion; protectant; antibiotics; Cytotec - prevention, maintains mucosal layer; Reglan-speeds movement of food from stomach which decreases the amount of acid released into the stomach |
| signs and symptoms of perforation | sudden and severe pain in upper abdomen with possible radiation to shoulders. abdomen rigid, board-like and tender |
| signs and symptoms of obstruction | abdominal distention, pain, projectile vomiting |
| post-op care for peptic ulcer | maintain NGT position pain mange. abdominal assess, |
| what is voldyne | a popular incentive spirometer |
| Site of opening on the skin | Stoma |
| Surgically created opening and the kidney to drain urine | Nephrostomy |
| Surgically created opening in to the urinary bladder | Vesicostomy or cystostomy |
| Artificial opening into a body cavity | Ostomy |
| Opening in the ureter; one or both ureters are brought out through opening in the abdonen or flank | Ureterostomy |
| Where are the 2 main long term complications of colostomies | Prolapse & stenosis |
| Hiatal hernis is thought to be caused by weakness in the? | Lower esophageal sphincter |
| Procedure used to detect the presence of air, fluid, or mass in tissues | Percussion |
| The protrusion of the lower esophagus and stomach upward through the diaphragm into the chest | Hiatal hernia |
| .. |
Created by:
arogers74
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