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evol psy 307Ch12p374
evol psy 307Ch12p374-77
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angered or frustrated people reduce their blood pressure only when | they aggress against a person of lower status |
| more people (65 vs 20%) looked for rule violations when | they were checked out people of lower status |
| deontic reasoning strategies appear | early in life |
| people are more sensitive to social information about what is | permitted, obligatory or forbidden |
| cognition appears to have evolved to solve | problems of dominance (Denise Cummins) |
| resource-holding potential (RHP) (Paul Gilbert) | an evaluation that animals make about themselves relative to others regarding their relative strengths and weaknesses |
| winners or those who think they are likely to win contests | are superior in RHP |
| after evaluations of RHO an animal may | attack, flee or submint |
| dominance is a description of | the relationship between two or more individuals |
| social attention-holding potential (SAHP) | quality and quantity of attention others pay to a particular person |
| when group members confer a lot of high-quality and quantity of attention on an individual | he or she rises in status |
| differences in rank stem form differences in | attention conferred by others |
| humans bestow attention on those who perform a function | that is valued by the bestowers |
| those who fail to bestow benefits | are shunned and cut off from attention and resources |
| going up in rank produces two hypothesized consequences | elation and an increase in helping |
| some people avoid seeking help from others because they believe that it would | reduce their perceived status |
| falling status causes | social anxiety, shame, rage, envy and depression |
| social anxiety functions to motivate efforts to | avoid status loss |
| shame motivates someone to | avoid being an object of scorn |
| rage may function to motivate an individual to | seek revenge on the person who caused the status loss |
| envy is linked with rank in that people experience it when | someone else has resources or prestige that they want but fail to possess |
| envy may prompt actions designed to | tear down those who have more than we do |
| depression prompts submissive behavior | designed to appease and prevent continued aggression |
| verbal indicators of dominance | speak in a loud and low-pitched voice |
| nonverbal indicators of dominance | stand at full height, face group, hands on hips, expanded chest, smile little, touch and point at others, walk faster |
| men lower voice when addressing another man | who is lower than they are in dominance |
| people show selective attention to socially dominant men | but not to socially dominant women |
| low ranking or submissive individuals | are bent over, smile a lot, speak softly, listen while others speak, give differential nods, speak less, don't interrupt, address high status members rather than whole group |
| walking speed is a sex-linked display by | men, but not women |
| adolescent men and women tend to use bi-strategic contolers | prosocial and coercive strategies |
| human rank or social stature tends to correlate with | physical stature |
| tall men believe themselves to be | more qualified to be leaders and seek leadership positions |
| tallness is increased when the person | has high social status |
| testosterone is an | androgen produced in the adrenal cortex and ovaries of women, |
| male testosterone in blood averages | 7 times that of women |
| men produce testosterone in Leydig cells of the | testes at puberty, causing a ten fold increase in testosterone levels |
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james22222222
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