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bio ch 2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the basic unit of matter. |
| nucleus | center of the atom, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle (-) with 1/1840 the mass of a proton |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ions | positively and negatively charged atoms |
| covalent bond | electrons are shared between atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der waals forces | intermolecular forces of attraction |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of a different substance |
| mixture | two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | contains compounds that are evenly distributed |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | the substance which the solvent dissolves |
| suspensions | mixtures of water and nondissolved materials |
| pH scale | measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution. |
| base | a compund that produces hydroxide ions in a solution |
| buffer | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in PH |
| monomer | small units that can join with other small units to form a polymer |
| polymer | large compound formed by combining many monomers |
| carbohydrate | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules include glucose, galactose |
| polysaccharides | large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| lipids | large and varied group of biological molecules, generally not soluable in water |
| neucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus |
| nucleo tides | consist of three parts: a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
| amino acids | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | an element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rates of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
chelseafan5826
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