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Infectious Disease
Inflammation, Infection, Immunity & HIV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first line of defense? | Intact skin and mucus membranes |
| What is the second line of defense? | phagocytosis and inflammation |
| What helps rid the body of invading microorganisms and debris | phagocytosis |
| what are the five types of leukocytes? | neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes |
| fight bacterial infections | Neutrophils |
| circulate in the blood for approximately 1 day before they enter tissue | monocytes |
| Once enter the tissue and infest many foreign antigens | macrophages |
| fight parasitic infection and increase during allergic reactions | eosinophils |
| initiate the inflammatory response and release histamine | basophils |
| B lymphocytes produce what? | antibodies |
| T lymphocytes produce what? | increase the body's immune response |
| any substance that is capable of stimulating a response from the immune system is called? | antigen |
| proteins that are created in response to specific antigens | antibodies aka immunoglobulins |
| how are vaccinations prepared | 1. dead organisms 2. destroying bacterial toxins 3. altering the structure of live organisms |
| when is active acquired immunity developed? | after direct contact with an antigen through illness or vaccination |
| When is passive acquired immunity developed? | newborns receive from their mothers |
| what organs are vital in a functional immune system | thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and liver |
| What function does the thymus & bone marrow have in immunity? | formation and maturation of immune system cells |
| what function does lymph nodes have in immunity | attach antigens and debris in the interstitial fluid and produce and circulate lymphocytes |
| what function does the spleen have in immunity | acts as a filter to remove dead cells, debris, and foreign molecules from the blood. |
| what function does the liver have in immunity | filters blood and plays a part in the production of specific immunoglobulins and other chemicals involved in the immune response |
| What does a shift to the left on A CBC indicate? | Indicates that the percentage of the white blood cells that are neutrophils is greater than 60% |
| What does a shift to the right indicate on a CBC? | Indicates that only a small percentage of the white blood cells are neutrophils. |
| What is a retrovirus | A retrovirus transcription of genetic material is reverse. RNA is made into dna versus the normal pattern of DNA to RNA |
| Word are the major complications of HIV infections | |
| What conditions may cause a shift to the right on A CBC | Over whelming infection or the blood marrow is not producing neutrophils |
| When does HIV turn into AIDS | Once the CD4 cell levels drop below 200 cells/ mm3 |
| Identify the test used to diagnose HIV | Enzyme-linked immunoassy (ELISA) or the Western blot |
| Opportunistic infections, wasting, secondary cancers, and dementia | |
| What is the immune function of lymph nodes | Acts as a filter to remove micro organisms from the lymph fluid before it returns to the blood |
| What is the immune function of bone marrow | Produce white blood cells |
| What is the immune function of the spleen | Filters and destroys micro organisms in the blood |
| What is the I'm yoon function of the thymus | Participates in the maturation of T lymphocytes |
| Systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE) | Autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs |
| Hodgkin's disease | Cancer of the lymph system characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes |
| Leukemia | Cancer of the white blood cells |
| Non-Hodgkins lymphoma | Cancer of the lymph system staged as low, intermediate, or high grade |
| Multiple melanoma |
Created by:
arogers74
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