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Biological Anth

First midterm in intro to biological Anthropology

QuestionAnswer
What is the first step of the Scientific method? Theoretical Orientation
What is the second step of the scientific method? Theory (model)
What is the third step of the scientific Method? Hypothesis
What is the fourth step of the scientific method? Operationalize hypothesis
What is the fifth step of the scientific method? Observation
What is the sixth step of the scientific method? Data collection
What is the seventh step of the scientific method? Revise theory
What is the final step of the scientific method? start over
Is creationism/ intelligent design falsifiable? No, it is impossible to prove or disprove whether a god exists
What is a theory? a model that has logical, reasonable, and testable principles
What is a hypothesis? a prediction about the world that you expect to observe
What was the theory about evolution that was supported by James Hutton and Charles Lyell? Uniformitarianism; that the geological practices that drive the world today are the same as the ones that prevailed in the past
What was the evolutionary theory supported by Georges Cuvier? Catastrophism; that cataclysmic disasters wiped out earlier forms of life that were on earth
What was the evolutionary theory that Lamarck supported? Inheritance; that adjustments organisms made in their lifetime could be passed to their offspring.
Why doesn't the inheritance theory work? changes made to an organism in its lifetime typically aren't on a genetic level. Therefore the change wouldn't be passed on
Adam Smith A contemporary of Darwin; theorized that the efficient survived while the inefficient died
Robert Malthus A contemporary of Darwin; theorized that maximum fertility plus restricted resources equals a struggle existence in which reproduction outstrips resources
Alfred Russel Wallace Contemporary of Darwin; theorized about evolution and corresponded with Darwin
Bishop "Soapy" Wilberforce A contemporary of Darwin; opposed the theory of evolution
Herbert Spencer A contemporary of Darwin: coined the phrase "survival of the fittest
What are the major principles of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection? Heredity, differential reproduction, adaptation, and variation
The Grants Studied in depth Darwin's finches
Define "fitness" in evolutionary terms The ability to produce large numbers of offspring
What is the significance of Archaeopteryx, Tiktaalik, and Ambulocetus? They are fossils of transition species
What do hox genes do? regulate
What are vestigial traits? traits that still exist but no longer have a use
Brother Gregor Mendel Predecessor to Darwin; studied variation in pea plants.
Humans have how many chromosomes? forty-six (twenty-three pairs)
What are Mendel's laws? The law of Segregation (during formation of gametes two alleles responsible for a trait split) and the law of Independent Assortment (Alleles for different traits are transmitted to offspring away from each other)
What are Meiosis and Mitosis? Two ways cells reproduce, Meiosis is associated with sex linked genes.
What sex is more likely to be affected by an x-linked recessive trait? Males since they only have one x chromosome
What is the structure of DNA? A double helix
Messenger RNA (mRNA) moves DNA information to the ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) moves Amino Acids to the ribosomes
Mutation random change in the evolution of a species
Gene Flow (Migration) admixture which is alleles derived from another group, or cline which is large scale
Genetic drift a chance change in allele frequency
Phylogeny a family tree of evolutionary ancestors
Created by: Jonasrschnur
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