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B1-B3
B1(Cell Level Systems) B2(Scaling Up) B3(Organism Level Systems)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Contains DNA in the form of Chromosomes that control the cells activity |
| Cytoplasm | Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen |
| Mitochondria | These are the site of cellular respiration and contains the enzymes needed for the reactions involved |
| Cell Membrane (Plant and Animal Cell) | Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier. They also contain receptor molecules that are used for cell communication |
| Rigid Cell Wall | Made of cellulose gives support for the cell |
| Chloroplasts | Where photosynthesis occurs. Also contains a green substance called chlorophyll |
| Chromosomal DNA | (One long circular chromosome) controls the cell's activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm |
| Plasmids | Small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria |
| Cell Membrane (Bacteria cell) | Controls what goes in and out. The cell is also supported by a wall |
| Eukaryotes | All Animals and Plants |
| Prokaryotes | All Bacteria |
| What do both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes contain? | Contain sub-cellular substructures- part of the cells that each have a specific function |
| What does a Plant Cell contain? | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, Rigid Cell Wall, and Chloroplasts |
| What does Animal Cell contain? | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane |
| Magnification | = Image Size Real Size |
| Total Magnification | Eyepiece Lens Magnification X Objective Lens Magnification |
| What is DNA? | Double Helix of Paired Bases, Polymer made up of Nucleotides |
| What are the Base Pairs for DNA? | AT & CG |
| What do Nucleotides contain? | Sugar, Phosphate and Base |
| What are Polymers? | Large complex molecules composed |
| What are Monomers? | Small Basic Units |
| Enzymes are very.... | Specific |
| Enzymes control... | Cell reactions |
| What does a Catalyst do? | Speeds up reactions without being used up itself |
| Each Enzyme is a... | Protein coded for by a different gene, and has a unique shape which it needs to do it's job |
| Enzymes like the right.... | pH, Temperature, and Concentration |
| What does the Enzyme Amylase breakdown? | Starch to Maltose |
| What is Respiration? | Process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose |
| What does ATP store? | Energy needed for many cell processes |
| Respiration is controlled by what? | Enzymes so the rate of respiration is affected by both temperature and pH |
| Respiration is a what type of reaction? | Exothermic transfers energy to the environment (by heat) |
| Aerobic Respiration..... | Needs plenty of Oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration produces how much ATP? | 32 |
| What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration? | Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water |
| What is the symbol equation for Aerobic Respiration? | C H O + 6O -------> 6O + 6H O 6 12 6 2 2 2 |
| Anaerobic Respiration..... | Doesn't use Oxygen at all |
| How much ATP does Anaerobic Respiration produces? | 2 |
| What is the word equation for Photosynthesis? | light carbon dioxide + water -------------> glucose + oxygen chlorophyll |
| What is the symbol equation for Photosynthesis? | 6CO + 6H O --------> C H O + 6O 2 2 6 12 6 2 |
| What is the word equation for Anaerobic Respiration? | Glucose ------> Lactic Acid |
| What is the word equation for Anaerobic Respiration in Fungi? | Glucose ------> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide |
| Evaluate Aerobic Respiration | Aerobic: Plenty of Oxygen Substrate: Glucose Products: Carbon Dioxide + Water Energy: 32 ATP |
| Evaluate Anaerobic Respiration | Anaerobic: Insufficient oxygen Substrate: Glucose Products: Animals- Lactic Acid, Plants- Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide Energy: 2 ATP |
| Biological Molecules can be... | Broken down to Fuel Respiration |
| Carbohydrates are... | Made up of Simple Sugars |
| Proteins are made... | Of Amino Acids |
| Lipids are.... | Of Fatty Acids & Glycerol |
| Plants are able to.. | Make their own food by Photosynthesis |
| Oxygen Production shows.. | Rate of Photosynthesis |
| Not enough Light... | Slows down the rate of Photosynthesis |
| Too Little Carbon Dioxide... | Also slows down Photosynthesis |
| Temperature has to... | Be just right |
| New Cells are needed... | For growth and repair |
| First the cell physically.... | Grows and replicates it's contents |
| Then splits in.... | 2 Via Mitosis |
| Most cells are,,, | Specialised for a specific job |
| Differentiation | The process of a cell changes to become specialised for it's job |
| For most animal cells differentiation is.... | Lost at an early stage |
| Having specialised cells are important... | It allows organisms to work more efficiently |
| Palisade leaf cells... | Do most of the photosynthesis, they are pact with chloroplasts, lots of surface area |
Created by:
Shahed-02