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BIO 10_exam2.7

Animal Transport

QuestionAnswer
Open Circulatory System A transport system composed of a heart, blood vessels and a sinus through which blood flows freely between cells (not in capillaries).
Closed circulatory System A transport system composed of a heart, arteries, veins and capillaries through which blood flows; a circulatory system completly closed within blood vessels.
Heart A muscular pumping mechanism which causes blood to flow through a system of blood vessels.
Sinus An open cavity with loosely packed cells through which blood flows.
Atrium The heart chamber which receives blood from the body via the veins.
Ventricle The heart chamber which receives blood from the atrium and pumps blood through arteries to all parts of the body.
Capillary The smallest vessel of a closed circulatory system; the walls consisting of only a single cell layer.
Hydrostatic Pressure Fluid pressure in a closed circulatory system caused by the muscular contractions of the ventricles and the elastic layers of the arteries.
Capillary Sphincters Muscular valves at the bases of the capillaries which increase blood flow through the capillaries when the muscles are relaxed, or decrease blood flow when contracted.
Lymph Fluid Colorless tissue fluid containing proteins which flows through the lymph systems.
Lymphatic System A system of vessels and nodes transporting lymph fluid in the vertebrate body.
Lymph Nodes An aggregation of tissue in the lymphatic system which is surrounded by a fibrous capsule; function as filters which phagocytize invading bacteria.
Lymphocytes Type of white blood cell produced by lymph nodes; secrete antibodies into the blood and lymph as part of the body's immune system.
Phagocytes Cells found fixed in the lymph nodes that engulf foreign particles such as bacteria.
red blood cells A type of cell which contains the oxygen carrying protein called hemoglobin.
Erythrocytes Red blood cells.
White Blood Cells Large nucleated irregularly shaped cells which phagocytize invading bacteria and remnants of damaged tissue cells.
Leukocytes White blood cells.
Blood platelets Small protoplasmic discs in vertebrates' blood which carries blood clotting enzymes.
Blood Plasma The fluid portion of blood or lymph.
Hemoglobin A complex protein which contains iron and transports oxygen.
Urea An end product of protein metabolism which is usually discharged as waste in vertebrates.
Sickle cell anemia A genetic (hereditary) disease which is characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells.
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