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BIO 10_exam2.5

Heterotrophic Nutrition

QuestionAnswer
Saprophytic A type of heterotrophic nutrition by a plant, fungus or bacterium in which nutrients are obtained from organic material such as dead organisms or organic wastes.
Saprozoic A type of heterotrophic nutrition by an animal which obtains nutrients from organic material such as dead organisms or wastes.
Parasitic A type of heterotrophic nutrition by an organism in which nutrients are obtained from another living organism (host) at the expense of that host.
Amino Acids Any of the organic compounds that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group, and join together to form long chains (polymerize) to form proteins.
Essential Amino Acids Amino Acids which cannot be synthesized by a given organism by are obtained from other food sources.
Undernutrition A situation in which an organism or population is not obtaining enough food to survive (not enough calories to do a day's work)
Malnutrition A situation in which an organism or population is not obtaining the essential amino acids, proteins, vitamins and/or minerals to survive (unbalanced diet).
Vitamin Organic compounds present in variable minute quantities in natural foods which are essential for normal processes of growth and maintenance.
Hyphae Thin thread-like filaments which make up the main body of a fungus.
Extracellular digestion The process of converting food to an absorbable form by breaking it down to simpler chemical compounds outside of the body cells. Enzymes which break down food are secreted into a digestive cavity or into the environment where digestion occurs.
Intracellular Digestion The process of converting food to an absorbable form by breaking it down to simpler chemical compounds inside of body cells. Enzymes break down food in a food vacuole where digestion occurs.
Phagocytosis A mechanism by which cells engulf particles of food and carry them into the cytoplasm in food vacuoles.
Food Vacuoles A membrane bounded organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell formed as a result of phagocytosis and containing food particles.
Lysosome A membrane bounded organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell containing digestive enzymes, which empties these enzymes into a food vacuole, just prior to digestion of food.
Enzyme Any group of catalytic proteins produced by living cells which speed up chemical reactions of life without themselves being altered or destroyed.
Digestion The process of breaking down food into an absorbable form by means of enzymes.
Exocytosis A discharge of wastes from a food or contractile vacuole by a cell into the surrounding environment.
Oral Groove A depression or groove in the body of a one-celled organism such as Paramecium.
Anal Pore An opening in the cell membrane of a protist through which wastes are discharged by exocytosis.
Gastrovascular Cavity The central body cavity of coelenterates in which some extracellular digestion occurs.
Incomplete Digestive System A blind sac or cavity in coelenterates and flatworms which has a mouth as its only opening.
Complete Digestive System A tube-like structure found in most higher animals which has a mouth as an entrance for food, and an anus as an exit for wastes.
Pharynx A chamber at the oral end of a digestive tube which leads from the mouth to the esophagus.
Siphon A tubular structure in clams and other bivalves for intake and output of habitat water.
Ciliary Mucous Filter Feeder A mechanism of feeding in which small bits of organic material are trapped in mucous on gill surfaces and transported o the mouth by the action of cilia.
Created by: 11712315
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