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evol.psy.ch7 P. 204
ch7 P. 204-221
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| kibbutz division of labor greater | than in the rest of Israel |
| kibbutz men favored collective raising of children | but women wanted to raise their own children |
| mother child bond is stronger | than father child bond |
| parental care exists only when | reproductive benefits outweigh the costs |
| selection has designed | species to be motivated to protect gene vehicles |
| females are far more likely | than males to care for their offspring |
| paternity uncertainty hypothesis | because of paternal uncertainty it is less likely, fathers, compared with mothers, invest in their offspring |
| mating opportunity costs are | missed additional matings as a direct result of effort devoted to offspring |
| mating opportunity costs are higher for males | than females because reproductive success depends mainly on number of inseminated females |
| mating opportunity cost hypothesis | the higher mating opportunity costs are for males, the less likely they are to take on parental care |
| when there is a surplus of men | they are less likely to choose short-term mating |
| more attractive men are predicted to | reduce their parental and increase their mating effort |
| men in large cities which provide more opportunities | to interact with attractive females reduce their parental and increase their mating effort |
| parental favoratism | mechanisms in parents favoring offspring with higher reproductive return on investment |
| evolved mechanisms should be sensitive to | offspring genetic relatedness, ability to convert care into fitness, alternative uses of resources |
| parental love and resources are substantially less likely to be | directed toward children of stepparents than by genetic parents |
| assessing paternity | sexual partner's fidelity, child's resemblence |
| more mothers and their relatives claim babies look like | the father to assure paternity and encourage child investment |
| newborns actually judged to | look more like mothers |
| fathers found faces | that their face had been morphed into more attractive and would invest more (mothers less effected) (f MRI lit up more, too) |
| unlike modern humans Pleistocene era humans | had no cash economies |
| men use parental care as | a form of mating effort |
| children from previous marriages or uncertain paternity fathers paid less | toward university educations |
| facial similarity and odor recognition | may be cues to paternity (correlated with paternal but not maternal emotional closeness to child) |
| children living with one natural and one stepparent (single most powerful risk factor) | are 40 times more likely to be physically abused than those live with both genetic parents |
| the risk of a preschool-aged child being killed ranged from | 40-100 time higher for stepchildren than for children living with two genetic parents |
| primary caretaker hypothesis | women will have evolved adaptations that increase the odds that their children will survive |
| female interest in infants | peaked in childhood and adolescence (maybe to facilitate acquisition of parenting skills) |
| attachment promotion hypothesis | women should be better than men at decoding all facial expressions |
| fitness threat hypothesis | a special sensitivity to dangers that might be conveyed by negative emotions |
| women tend (Shelly Taylor) | protect children from threats |
| women befriend | create and maintain social network to offer social cocoon of protection |
| men form strong bonds with their children and | teach, socialize, influence mating strategies, and help them to secure position in hieracrchies |
| parents invest in their children according to | their ability to convert parental care into fitness by increasing their chance of survival and reproduction |
| father absence | is linked with a higher child mortality rate (income and time spent playing with child) |
| variation in parental investment | mainly due to father's variation |
| younger or disabled children | have less reproductive value |
| low visitation of institutionalized children | suggests parents invest less in children with abnormalities |
| children with abnormalities are abused at | considerably higher rates |
Created by:
james22222222
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