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Pathology 1 lecture
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Eight major pathologic categories/processes into which disease can be placed | Inflammation, neoplasia, hemodynamic/vascular, environmental/nutritional/ genetic/development, infectious, immunologic, endocrine/metabolic |
List the 3 main mechanisms ( underlying cause) of cell injury and desribe deficiency and examples of it. | Deficiency, Intoxication, and Trauma. 1. Deficiency –lack of necessary substance (nutrition, air, ect) Ex O2 hypoxia (state when cell is without O2) or ischemia (oxygen deprivation due to lack of blood flow) |
List the 3 main mechanisms ( underlying cause) of cell injury and desribe Intoxication and examples of it. | 2. Intoxication – Overabundance of something. (nutrition, water, ect) Interferes with cell function. Endogenous (metabolite, genetic defect) or exogenous (infectous agent, chemicals, drugs). Too much O2 can kill anaerobic cells ect. |
List the 3 main mechanisms ( underlying cause) of cell injury and desribe trauma and examples of it. | 3. Trauma – Loss of structural integrity. Hypothermia, hyperthermia (denature proteins) Infections rupture or lyse the cell. Ex. Bacteria that can lyse cells, or physical breaking of cells in injury. |
What are the 6 morphologically recognizable ways that cells may respond to non lethal injury. | 1. Atrophy 2. Hypertrophy 3. Hyperplasia 4. Metaplasia 5. Dysplasia 6. Intracellular Storage |
Define atrophy | Atrophy – lose of blood to area, or inadequate nutrition. |
Hypertrophy | 2. Hypertrophy – Mechanical stimulus (lifting weights) growth factor (puberty) |