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BIO 261Test 1
Terms - Tissues - Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Median (median sgittal) plane | vertical plane passing longitudinally through the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves. |
| Sagittal plane | vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane. |
| Frontal plane (Coronal) | vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. ex. a ___plane through the heads of the mandible. |
| Transverse planes | planes passing through the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes. ex. divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. |
| Superior (cranial) | nearer to the head ex. Heart is ___ to stomach. |
| Inferior (caudril) | nearer to feet ex. stomach is ___ to heart. |
| Anterior (ventral) | nearer to front ex. Sternum is ___ to heart. |
| Posterior (dorsal) | nearer to back ex. Kidneys are ___ to intestine. |
| Medial | nearer to median plane. ex. Fifth digit (little finger) is on ___ side of hand. |
| Lateral | farther from median plane ex. First digit (thumb) is on ___ side of hand. |
| Proximal | nearer to trunk or point of origin ex. Elbow is ____ to wrist; ____ part of artery is its beginning. |
| Distal | farther from trunk or point of origin. ex. Wrist is ___ to elbow; ___ part of lower limb is trunk. |
| Superficial | nearer to or on surface ex. Muscles of arm are superficial to its bones (humerous). |
| Deep | farther from surface ex. humerous is ___ to arm muscles. |
| Dorsum | dorsal surface of hand or foot ex. veins are visible in ___ of hand. |
| Palm | palmar surface of hand ex. Skin creases are visible on ___. |
| Sole | Plantar surface of foot ex. Skin is thick on ___ of foot. |
| Inferomedial | nearer to the feet and closer to the median plane. ex. the anterior parts of the ribs run ______. |
| Superolateral | nearer to the head and farther from the median plane. |
| Bilateral | paired structures having right and left members. ex. The kidneys. |
| Unilateral | occurring on one side ex. The spleen. |
| Ipsilateral | occurring on one side of the body ex. the right thumb and the right giant toe |
| Contralateral | occurring on the opposite side of the body ex. the right side is _____ to the left hand. |
| The skin provides... | - Protection - Containment - Heat regulation - Sensation - Synthesis and storage of vitamin D. |
| Epidermis | a keratized stratified (layered) epithelium with a tough outer surface composed of keratin (a fibrous protein). |
| Dermis | formed by a dense layer of interlacing colagen and elastic fibers. -fibers provide skin tone and accnt for strength and toughness of skin. |
| Contraction of the arrector muscles ... | ...erects the hairs (causing goose bumps) thereby compressing the sebaceous glans and helping them secrete their oily product onto the skin. |
| The subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) | -composed of loose connective tissue and fat. -located btwn the dermis and underlying deep fascia -contains the deepest parts of the sweat glands, the blood and lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves that are distributed to the skin. |
| Subcutaneous tissue | -provides for most of the body's fat storage |
| Skin ligaments | - consist of numerous small fiberous bands, extend through the subcutaneous tissue and attach the deep surface of the dermis to the underlying deep fascia. |
| The deep fascia | -a dense, organized connective tissue layer, devoid of fat, that envelopes most of the body deep to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. |
| Investing fascia | invest deeper structures, such as individual muscles and neurovascular bundles |
| Intermuscular septa | Divide muscles into groups or compartments |
| Subserous fascia | Lie between the musculoskeletal walls and the serous membranes lining body cavities |
| Retinacula | hold tendons is place during joint movement. |
| Bursae | closed sacs containing fluid, prevent frictions and enable structures to move freely over another |
| Fascial planes (interfascial and intrafascial) | potential spaces btwn adjacent fascias or fascia-lined structures. |
| Skeletal system has two main parts: | Axial Skeleton and Appendicular skeleton |
| Axial skeleton | consists of bones of the head (cranium), neck (cervical vertebrae), and trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and sacrum). |
| Appendicular skeleton | consists of the bones of the limbs, including those forming the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic girdles. |
| Bone | living tissue, hard form of connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton andis the chief supporting tissue of the body. |
| Bones provide: | Protection for vital structures. Support for the body. The mechanical basis for movement. Storage for salts (e.g., calcium). A continuous supply of new blood cells (produced by the marrow w.in many bones). |
| Cartilage | a resilient, semirigid, avascular form of connective tissue that forms parts of the skeleton where more flexibility is necessary. ex. the costal cartilages that attach the ribs to the sternum. |
| Articular cartilage | provides smooth, low-friction gliding surfaces for free movement of the articulating bones. |
| Periosteum | The fibrous connective tissue covering taht surrounds bone. |
| Perichondrium | that surrounding cartilage elements, excluding articular cartilage |
| There are two types of bones: | compact and spongy |
| Medullary (marrow) cavity | W/in this cavity, and between the spicules of spongy bone, blood cells and platelets are formed. |
| Compact bones | provide strength for weight bearing |
| Bones are classified... | according to their shape. |
| Long bones | tubular structures ex. humerus in the arm; phalanges in the fingers |
| Short bones | cuboidal and are found only in the ankle (tarsus) and wrist (carpus). |
| Flat bones | usually serve protective functions ex. those of the cranium protect the bran |
| Irregular bones | such as those in the face, have various shapes other than long, short, or flat. |
| Sesamoid bones | develop in certain tendons. -protect the tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons as they pass to their attachments. ex. patella, or kneecap |
| Condyle | rounded articular area ex. condyles of the femur |
| Crest | ridge of bone ex. iliac to crest |
| Epicondyle | eminence superior to condyle ex. condyles of the humerous |
| Facet | smooth flat area, usually covered w/ cartilage, where a bone articulates w/ another bone. ex. articular facets of a vertebra |
| Foramen | passage through a bone ex. obturator foramen |
| Fossa | hollow or depressed area ex. infraspinous fossa of the scapula |
| Line | linear elevation ex. soleal line of the tibia |
| Malleolus | rounded prominence ex. lateral malleoulus of the fibula |
| Notch | indentation at ther edge of a bone ex. greater sciatic notch in the postgerior border of the hip bones |
| Process | projecting spine-like part ex. spinous process of a vertebra |
| Protuberance | projection of bone ex. external occipital _____ of the cranium |
| Spine | thorn-like process ex. ___ of the scapula |
| Trochanter | large blunt elevation ex. greater ____ of the femur |
| Tubercle | small raised eminence ex greater ____ of the humerous |
| Tuberosity | large rounded elevation ex. ischial ____ |
Created by:
foster2010
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